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Netkiller Linux 手札

Netkiller Linux Cookbook

Mr. Neo Chan, 陳景峯(BG7NYT)

中國廣東省深圳市望海路半島城邦三期
518067
+86 13113668890

<netkiller@msn.com>

電子書最近一次更新于 2020-10-24 03:57:10 .

版權 © 2006-2020 Netkiller(Neo Chan). All rights reserved.

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轉載請與作者聯繫，轉載時請務必標明文章原始出處和作者信息及本聲明。

http://www.netkiller.cn

http://netkiller.github.io

http://netkiller.sourceforge.net

微信訂閲號 netkiller-ebook (微信掃瞄二維碼）

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$Date$

2020-10-24 03:57:10

內容摘要

本文檔講述Linux系統涵蓋了系統管理與配置包括：

[注意]

對初學Linux的愛好者忠告

玩Linux最忌reboot（重新啟動）這是windows玩家壞習慣

Linux只要接上電源你就不要再想用reboot,shutdown,halt,poweroff命令,Linux系統和應用軟件一般備有reload,reconfigure,restart/start/stop...不需要安裝軟件或配置伺服器後使用reboot重新引導計算機

在Linux系統裡SIGHUP信號被定義為刷新配置檔案,有些程序沒有提供reload參數,你可以給進程發送HUP信號,讓它刷新配置檔案,而不用restart.通過pkill,killall,kill 都可以發送HUP信號例如: pkill -HUP httpd

我的系列文檔:

操作系統

Netkiller Linux 手札	Netkiller FreeBSD 手札	Netkiller Shell 手札
Netkiller Security 手札	Netkiller Web 手札	Netkiller Monitoring 手札
Netkiller Storage 手札	Netkiller Mail 手札	Netkiller Virtualization 手札
Netkiller Cryptography 手札

以下文檔停止更新合併到《Netkiller Linux 手札》

Netkiller Debian 手札

Netkiller CentOS 手札

Netkiller Multimedia 手札

致讀者

Netkiller 系列電子書始於 2000 年，風風雨雨走過20年，將在 2020 年終結，之後不在更新。作出這種決定原因很多，例如現在的閲讀習慣已經轉向短視頻，我個人的時間，身體健康情況等等......

感謝讀者粉絲這20年的支持

雖然電子書不再更新，後面我還會活躍在知乎社區和微信公眾號

目錄

1.1. 本文目的
1.2. 內容簡介
1.3. 讀者對象
1.4. 作者簡介
1.5. 打賞（Donations）

1. Introduction

1.1. Linux 發行版本

1.1.1. Linux 下載排名
1.1.2. Debian 衍生版本
1.1.3. Redhat 衍生版本
1.1.4. FreeBSD 包風格的Linux 發行版

1.2. CentOS 8

1.3. 早起版本

1.3.1. Scientific Linux
1.3.2. Redhat Linux
1.3.3. CentOS 6
1.3.4. 5.x 減肥
1.3.5. 6.x Mini 安裝後需要做的一些事

I. System Administrator

3. 獲取系統信息

3.1. Distribution information

3.2. System Infomation

3.2.1. Cpu Bit

3.3. shutdown

3.4. Profile

3.4.1. shell

3.5. 環境預設值

3.5.1. 顯示所有配置項
3.5.2. 切換版本
3.5.3. 使用 alternatives 管理自己的軟件版本

4.1. 編譯安裝內核

4.2. sysctl - configure kernel parameters at runtime

4.2.1. sysctl.d
4.2.2. vm.overcommit_memory
4.2.3. TCP 擁塞控制算法

4.3.1. /sys/class/net/

4.4.1. 查看系統版本
4.4.2. 進程內存監控
4.4.3. ulimit 狀態

5. Kernel modules

5.1. modprobe - program to add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel

6. Package Management

6.1. APT 包管理

6.1.1. apt-cache

6.1.1.1. search
6.1.1.2. depends
6.1.1.3. policy
6.1.1.4. 查看所屬鏡像

6.1.2. Apt-Get

6.1.2.1. Search
6.1.2.2. Installation
6.1.2.3. Update
6.1.2.4. Remove
6.1.2.5. purge

6.1.3. aptitude

6.1.4. Automatic Updates

6.1.4.1. 升級過程中連結中斷怎麼辦?

6.1.5. 更換 api 源鏡像

6.1.5.1. Ubuntu 18.04

6.1.6. dpkg

6.1.6.1. -i|--install 安裝.deb包
6.1.6.2. -r|--remove 卸載.deb包
6.1.6.3. -L|--listfiles <package> ... List files `owned' by package(s). 列出包中的檔案
6.1.6.4. -l|--list [<pattern> ...] List packages concisely. 列出.deb包
6.1.6.5. Status
6.1.6.6. dpkg-deb - Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool
6.1.6.7. dpkg-reconfigure

6.1.7. Upgrading

6.1.7.1. GUI
6.1.7.2. CLI
6.1.7.3. CDROM

6.1.8. 製作.deb安裝包

6.1.8.1. checkinstall — Track installation of local software, and produce a binary manageable with your package management software.
6.1.8.2. dh_make - prepare Debian packaging for an original source archive
6.1.8.3. control

6.2. snap - Tool to interact with snaps

6.2.1. 安裝 snap
6.2.2. 列出已經安裝的snap包
6.2.3. 搜索要安裝的snap包
6.2.4. 安裝snap包
6.2.5. 更新snap包
6.2.6. 把一個包還原到以前安裝的版本
6.2.7. 刪除snap包
6.2.8. 查詢最近做的操作日誌

6.3. DNF 包管理

6.3.1. 安裝 epel-release 包

6.3.2. DNF 軟件庫管理

6.3.3. 顯示系統中可用的 DNF 軟件庫

6.3.3.1. 查看系統中所有的 DNF 軟件庫(包括禁用狀態)

6.3.4. 列出所有 RPM 包

6.3.4.1. 查看已經安裝包
6.3.4.2. 列出可用的軟件包
6.3.4.3. 顯示重複內容

6.3.5. 搜索軟件庫中的包

6.3.6. 查看軟件包詳情

6.3.7. 查找某一檔案的提供者

6.3.8. 刪除軟件包

6.4. yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified 包管理

6.4.1. Yum Resource & Yum Mirror

6.4.1.1. fastestmirror
6.4.1.2. Fedora resource
6.4.1.3. rpmforge-release
6.4.1.4. atomic
6.4.1.5. famillecollet
6.4.1.6. rpmfind.net
6.4.1.7. pkgs.org
6.4.1.8. China Resource
6.4.1.9. 製作本地共享源

6.4.2. yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified

6.4.2.1. YUM 源管理
6.4.2.2. install
6.4.2.3. localinstall
6.4.2.4. list
6.4.2.5. search
6.4.2.6. update / upgrade
6.4.2.7. remove
6.4.2.8. installed
6.4.2.9. group
6.4.2.10. 查看包的依賴關係
6.4.2.11. provides / whatprovides

6.4.3. rpm - RPM Package Manager

6.4.3.1. install/upgrade/remove
6.4.3.2. query

6.4.4. rpmbuild - Build RPM Package(s)

6.4.4.1. RPM_directory_macros
6.4.4.2. --define 專遞模板變數
6.4.4.3. defattr
6.4.4.4. GPG 簽名
6.4.4.5. 使用 CMake3 編譯並創建RPM包
6.4.4.6. FAQ

6.5. Homebrew

6.6. 清理安裝包

7. Device information 設備信息

7.1. dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer

7.2. smartctl - Control and Monitor Utility for SMART Disks

7.3. CPU 資源管理

7.3.1. lscpu - display information about the CPU architecture
7.3.2. chcpu - configure CPUs

7.4. lspci - list all PCI devices

7.5. lshw - list hardware

7.5.1. only show a certain class of hardware

7.6. hwinfo - Hardware Information

7.7. dmidecode - DMI table decoder

7.8. ethtool - Display or change ethernet card settings

7.9. usb device

7.10. lsscsi - list SCSI devices (or hosts) and their attributes

7.12. lsblk - list block devices

7.13. kudzu - detects and configures new and/or changed hardware on a system

7.14. numactl - Control NUMA policy for processes or shared memory

7.15. udev - Linux dynamic device management

8. 區域/語言/時間

8.1. Ubuntu

8.1.1. time zone

8.1.2. to change system date/time

8.1.2.1. NTP Server

8.1.3. Language

8.2. CentOS 區域設置

8.2.1. 時區設置 CentOS 6

8.2.1.1. 查看當前時區 /etc/sysconfig/clock
8.2.1.2. tzselect - select a timezone
8.2.1.3. 修改時區並立即生效

8.2.2. 時區設置 CentOS 7

8.2.3. 日期、時間

8.2.3.1. rdate - get the time via the network

8.2.4. 語言

9. console / terminal 控制台與終端

9.1. serial console
9.2. console timeout
9.3. TUI (Text User Interface)
9.4. framebuffer

10. Harddisk 磁碟管理

10.1. 查看分區分區 UUID

10.2. 通過 UUID 或標籤查詢設備檔案

10.3. Label

10.3.1. Ext2

10.3.1.1. 查看卷標
10.3.1.2. 更改卷標

10.4. swap 交換分區

10.4.1. swapon failed: Invalid argument

10.5. Show partition

10.6. Create partition

10.7. Clone partition

10.8. estimate disk / directory / file space usage

10.9. Convert from ext3 to ext4 File system

10.10.1. 設置GTP磁碟
10.10.2. 查看分區
10.10.3. 創建分區
10.10.4. 刪除分區
10.10.5. 退出
10.10.6. mount

10.11. loop devices

10.11.1. losetup - set up and control loop devices

10.12. Linux磁碟分區加密

11. Removable Storage

11.1. usb flash

11.2. CD / DVD

11.2.1. Mount an ISO file
11.2.2. create iso file from CD
11.2.3. burner
11.2.4. ISO Mirror

12. File System 檔案系統

12.1. /etc/fstab

12.1.1. /etc/fstab 例子

12.2. Mount partition

12.2.1. Mount
12.2.2. Umount
12.2.3. bind directory

12.5. ReiserFS

12.6.1. install
12.6.2. format
12.6.3. label
12.6.4. mount/umount
12.6.5. LVM 卷

12.8. Btrfs

12.8.1. /etc/fstab

12.8.2. btrfs

12.8.3. Mount Btrfs

12.8.3.1. Mount Snap
12.8.3.2. fstab

12.8.4. subvolumes

12.8.5. snapshot

12.8.6. btrfsctl

12.8.6.1. Resizes the filesystem
12.8.6.2. Snapshot

12.8.7. btrfs-vol

12.8.8. btrfs-convert

12.8.9. btrfsck

12.8.10. btrfs-debug-tree

12.10. iSCSI

12.10.1. GFS

12.11. GFS - Cluster Storage

12.12. glusterfs

12.13. RAM FS

12.14. tmpfs

12.15. ftp fs

12.16. SSHFS (sshfs - filesystem client based on SSH File Transfer Protocol)

12.17. davfs2 - mount a WebDAV resource as a regular file system

12.18. redisfs

12.19. File system test

12.19.1. ext4 vs btrfs
12.19.2. xfs vs jfs vs reiserfs
12.19.3. RAID10 (146G*8) vs EMC VNX 5300 (8G Fibre Channel)
12.19.4. Dell 2950(RAID5 500G SATA * 6) vs MD1200

12.20. 磁碟占用100%刪除檔案後不是放的解決方法

13. Networking 網絡管理

13.1. hosts

13.1.1. /etc/hostname
13.1.2. hostnamectl - Control the system hostname
13.1.3. /etc/host.conf
13.1.4. /etc/hosts
13.1.5. hosts.allow / hosts.deny
13.1.6. /etc/resolv.conf

13.2. Network adapter 網絡適配器

13.2.1. 介面名稱

13.3. Ethernet Interfaces 乙太網介面

13.3.1. ifquery
13.3.2. DHCP
13.3.3. CentOS
13.3.4. Ubuntu

13.4. Gateway 設置預設網關

13.4.1. CentOS

13.5. 配置 DNS

13.5.1. 常規 DNS 配置 /etc/resolv.conf

13.5.2. 安全 DNS 配置

13.5.2.1. 啟用 DNS over TLS
13.5.2.2. 啟用 DNSSEC
13.5.2.3. 同時啟用 DNS over TLS 和 DNSSEC
13.5.2.4. 配置 NetworkManager

13.6. IP forwarding(IP轉發)

13.7. bonding

13.7.1. bonding
13.7.2. Ubuntu

13.8. brctl

13.9. Wireless - WiFi 配置

13.9.1. rfkill - tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices
13.9.2. iwlist - Get more detailed wireless information from a wireless interface
13.9.3. iwconfig - configure a wireless network interface
13.9.4. /proc/net/wireless

13.10. CentOS 8

13.10.1. nmtui - Text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager

13.10.2. nmcli - command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager

13.10.2.1. 查看連接狀態
13.10.2.2. 查看介面狀態
13.10.2.3. 添加介面
13.10.2.4.
13.10.2.5. 停止介面
13.10.2.6.
13.10.2.7. 顯示設備信息

13.11. 網絡檢查命令

13.11.1. ping
13.11.2. Finding optimal MTU
13.11.3. ss - another utility to investigate sockets

13.12. Ubuntu netplan (Ubuntu 18.04 之後才用 netplan 管理網絡)

13.13. Linux IP And Router

13.13.1. netmask

13.13.1.1. iptab
13.13.1.2. netmask - a netmask generation and conversion program

13.13.2. arp - manipulate the system ARP cache

13.13.2.1. display hosts
13.13.2.2. delete a specified entry
13.13.2.3. /proc/net/arp
13.13.2.4. /etc/ethers

13.13.3. iproute2

13.13.3.1.
13.13.3.2. 添加路由
13.13.3.3. 刪除路由
13.13.3.4. 變更路由
13.13.3.5. 替換已有的路由
13.13.3.6. 增加預設路由
13.13.3.7. cache

13.13.4. 策略路由

13.13.5. 負載均衡

13.13.6. MASQUERADE

13.13.7. ip tunnel

13.13.8. VLAN

13.13.9. Zebra

14. Logging 日誌

14.1. rsyslog

14.1.1. rsyslog.conf

14.2. logrotate - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs

14.2.1. /etc/logrotate.conf

14.2.2. /etc/logrotate.d/

14.2.2.1. 日誌配置
14.2.2.2. create 創建日誌檔案，指定用於與訪問權限
14.2.2.3. postrotate

14.3. syslog-ng

14.4. syslog, klogctl - read and/or clear kernel message ring buffer; set console_loglevel

14.4.1. /etc/sysconfig/syslog
14.4.2. /etc/syslog.conf
14.4.3. logger
14.4.4. To Log Messages Over UDP Network

14.5. 掛載日誌卷

14.5.1. 子卷掛載
14.5.2. 使用過個子卷
14.5.3. /etc/fstab配置

15. 服務管理

15.1. systemd, init - systemd system and service manager

15.1.1. 電源管理
15.1.2. rc.local
15.1.3. is-enabled 查看當前服務的啟用狀態
15.1.4. 重載 systemd
15.1.5. 列出啟動失敗的服務
15.1.6. list-units

15.2. 定時器單元

15.3. Debian/Ubuntu

15.3.1. update-rc.d - install and remove System-V style init script links

15.3.2. invoke-rc.d - executes System-V style init script actions

15.3.3. runlevel

15.3.4. sysv-rc-conf

15.3.5. xinetd - replacement for inetd with many enhancements

15.3.5.1. tftpd

15.3.6. Scheduled Tasks

15.3.6.1. crontab - maintain crontab files for individual users
15.3.6.2. at, batch, atq, atrm - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution

15.3.7. sv - control and manage services monitored by runsv

15.3.7.1. runsv
15.3.7.2. runsvdir

15.4. CentOS 6

15.4.1. service

15.4.1.1. chkconfig

15.4.2. xinetd.d

15.4.2.1. tftpd
15.4.2.2. rsync
15.4.2.3. rshd

15.4.3. rpcinfo

15.4.4. SELINUX

16. Process 進程管理

16.1. top - display Linux tasks

16.1.1. 查找內存消耗最大的進程

16.2. ps - report a snapshot of the current processes

16.2.1. 完整的顯示命令參數
16.2.2. 顯示進程之間的關係
16.2.3. ps axef
16.2.4. ps -eo pid,cmd
16.2.5. ps jax
16.2.6. 殭屍進程
16.2.7. 查找內存消耗最大的進程
16.2.8. 指定輸出項

16.3. mpstat

16.4.1. pgrep, pkill - look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes
16.4.2. pidof -- find the process ID of a running program.

16.5.1. &
16.5.2. Ctrl + Z
16.5.3. jobs
16.5.4. fg / bg
16.5.5. nohup - run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
16.5.6. wait 等待後台任務運行結束

16.6. ionice - get/set program io scheduling class and priority

16.7. Utilities for managing processes on your system

16.7.1. pstree - display a tree of processes
16.7.2. fuser - identify processes using files or sockets

16.8. /proc 目錄與進程的關係

16.8.1. /proc/進程ID
16.8.2. /proc/*/fd/ 進程所打開的檔案

17. Permission 權限管理

17.1. User 用戶管理

17.1.1. 添加用戶

17.1.2. 刪除用戶

17.1.3. 修改用戶組

17.1.4. 賬號加鎖與解鎖

17.1.4.1. /etc/passwd

17.2. Group

17.2.1. Add a new group
17.2.2. Add a user to the group
17.2.3. /etc/group
17.2.4. gpasswd - administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow

17.3. umask

17.4. Access Permissions

17.4.1. chown - change file owner and group
17.4.2. chgrp - change group ownership
17.4.3. chmod - change file access permissions

17.5. chattr - change file attributes on a Linux second extended file system

17.6. su - run a shell with substitute user and group IDs

17.7. runuser - run a command with substitute user and group ID

17.8. sudo, sudoedit - execute a command as another user

17.8.1. /etc/sudoers
17.8.2. /etc/sudoers
17.8.3. 設置示例
17.8.4. NOPASSWD
17.8.5. 允許或禁止命令
17.8.6. Cmnd_Alias 用法
17.8.7. wheel 組
17.8.8. 注意事項

17.9. ACL - Access Control List

17.9.1. getfacl - get file access control lists

17.9.2. setfacl - set file access control lists

17.9.2.1. set
17.9.2.2. default
17.9.2.3. remove
17.9.2.4. backup and restore

18.1. getent 用來察看系統的資料庫中的相關記錄

18.1.1. 主機名
18.1.2. 用戶組
18.1.3. 查看連接埠
18.1.4. shadow 密碼

18.2. /etc/inputrc

18.3. /etc/shells

19. kickstart

19.1. install kickstart
19.2. ks.cfg
19.3. boot 參數

20. System Utilities 配置工具

20.1. CentOS 6

20.1.1. system-config-date
20.1.2. system-config-firewall
20.1.3. system-config-securitylevel
20.1.4. system-config-language
20.1.5. system-config-keyboard
20.1.6. system-config-network
20.1.7. ntsysv
20.1.8. lokkit
20.1.9. system-config-kdump
20.1.10. system-config-services
20.1.11. authconfig-tui

21. crontab 定時任務

21.1. /etc/crontab

22. Bash Shell

22.1. 快捷鍵

22.2. bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell

22.2.1. -n 檢查腳本是否有語法錯誤
22.2.2. -x 顯示詳細運行過程

22.3. Introduction

22.3.1. chsh - change login shell

22.3.2. 切換身份

22.3.3. I/O 重定向

22.3.3.1. stdout
22.3.3.2. error 重定向
22.3.3.3. 使用塊記錄日誌
22.3.3.4. tee - read from standard input and write to standard output and files
22.3.3.5. 創建檔案
22.3.3.6. 快速清空一個檔案的內容

22.3.4. pipes (FIFOs)

22.3.5. mktemp - create a temporary file or directory 臨時目錄與檔案

22.3.6. History 命令歷史記錄

22.3.6.1. .bash_history
22.3.6.2. .mysql_history

22.3.7. hash - hash database access method

22.3.8. prompt

22.4. variable

22.4.1. 系統變數

22.4.1.1. 命令行參數傳遞
22.4.1.2. $n $# $0 $?
22.4.1.3. $? 程序運行返回值
22.4.1.4. shift 移位

22.4.2. 表達式

22.4.3. Internal Environment Variables

22.4.3.1. $RANDOM 隨機數
22.4.3.2. 與 history 有關的環境變數

22.4.4. set 設置變數

22.4.5. unset 變數銷毀

22.4.6. 設置變數預設值

22.4.7. export 設置全局變數

22.4.8. declare

22.4.9. Numerical 數值運算

22.4.10. Strings 字元串操作

22.4.10.1. ##/#
22.4.10.2. %%/%
22.4.10.3. 字元串截取
22.4.10.4. #
22.4.10.5. example
22.4.10.6. 計算字元串長度
22.4.10.7. 字元串查找替換

22.4.11. Array 數組

22.4.11.1. for 與 array
22.4.11.2. while 與 array
22.4.11.3. array 與 read
22.4.11.4. 拆分字元串並轉換為數組
22.4.11.5. 數組轉為字元串

22.4.12. read 賦值多個變數

22.4.13. eval

22.4.14. typeset

22.5. conditions if and case

22.5.1. if
22.5.2. case

22.6. Loops for, while and until

22.6.1. for
22.6.2. while
22.6.3. until

22.7. Functions

22.7.1. Local variables

22.8. User interfaces

22.8.1. input

22.9. subshell

22.10. Example

22.10.1. 有趣的Shell

22.10.2. backup

22.10.3. CPU 核心數

22.10.4. Password

22.10.5. processes

22.10.5.1. pid
22.10.5.2. kill
22.10.5.3. pgrep

22.10.6. Shell 技巧

22.10.6.1. 行轉列，再批評
22.10.6.2. for vs while
22.10.6.3. 遍歷字元串

22.10.7. to convert utf-8 from gb2312 code

22.10.8. 使用內存的百分比

22.10.9. 合併apache被cronlog分割的log檔案

22.10.10. Linux 交集差集並集

23. Z Shell

23.1. installing Z shell

23.2. Oh My ZSH!

23.3. Starting file

23.3.1. ~/.zshrc

23.4. Prompting

23.5. Aliases

23.6. History

23.7.1. Home/End key

24. Berkeley UNIX C shell (csh)

24.1.

25. KornShell

25.1.

26. Shell command

26.1. Help Commands

26.1.1. man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals

26.1.1.1. manpath.config
26.1.1.2. 查看man手冊位置
26.1.1.3. 指定手冊位置

26.2. getconf - Query system configuration variables

26.3. test 命令

26.3.1. 判斷目錄

26.4. Directory and File System Related

26.4.1. dirname

26.4.2. filename

26.4.2.1. 排除副檔名
26.4.2.2. 取副檔名

26.4.3. test - check file types and compare values

26.4.4. file — determine file type

26.4.5. stat

26.4.6. mkdir - make directories

26.4.7. rename

26.4.8. touch

26.4.9. truncate

26.4.10. ls - list directory contents

26.4.10.1. full-time / time-style 定義日期時間格式

26.4.11. cp - copy files and directories

26.4.11.1. copy directories recursively
26.4.11.2. overwrite an existing file
26.4.11.3. -a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all

26.4.12. rm - remove files or directories

26.4.12.1. -bash: /bin/rm: Argument list too long
26.4.12.2. zsh: sure you want to delete all the files in /tmp [yn]?

26.4.13. df - report file system disk space usage

26.4.14. du - estimate file space usage

26.4.15. tac - concatenate and print files in reverse

26.4.16. split - split a file into pieces

26.4.16.1. 按行分割檔案
26.4.16.2. 按尺寸分割檔案

26.4.17. find - search for files in a directory hierarchy

26.4.17.1. name
26.4.17.2. regex
26.4.17.3. user
26.4.17.4. perm
26.4.17.5. type
26.4.17.6. -delete
26.4.17.7. exec
26.4.17.8. 排除目錄
26.4.17.9. -mmin n File's data was last modified n minutes ago.
26.4.17.10. -ctime
26.4.17.11. -mtime / -mmin
26.4.17.12. --newer
26.4.17.13. -print / -printf
26.4.17.14. -size
26.4.17.15. -path
26.4.17.16. 目錄深度控制
26.4.17.17. -maxdepth
26.4.17.18. xargs

26.5. package / compress and decompress

26.5.1. tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility

26.5.1.1. tar examples
26.5.1.2. gunzip
26.5.1.3. b2zip
26.5.1.4. compress
26.5.1.5. .xz 檔案
26.5.1.6. -t, --list
26.5.1.7. tar: Removing leading `/’ from member names
26.5.1.8. -C, --directory=DIR
26.5.1.9. --exclude
26.5.1.10. -T
26.5.1.11. 日期過濾
26.5.1.12. 保留權限
26.5.1.13. -r, --append
26.5.1.14. 遠程傳輸
26.5.1.15. 分卷壓縮

26.5.2. cpio - copy files to and from archives

26.5.3. gzip

26.5.4. zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files

26.5.5. bzip2, bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor

26.5.6. RAR

26.5.7. 7-Zip

26.5.7.1. 壓縮
26.5.7.2. 瀏覽壓縮包
26.5.7.3. 解壓
26.5.7.4. Creates self extracting archive.

26.5.8. RAR

26.5.9. xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files

26.6. date and time

26.6.1. 日期格式

26.6.1.1. weekday name

26.6.2. -d --date=

26.6.2.1. 日期偏移量
26.6.2.2. 時間偏移

26.6.3. 時間戳

26.6.4. RFC 2822

26.6.5. UTC

26.7. Numeric

26.7.1. 數值運算
26.7.2. seq - print a sequence of numbers
26.7.3. bc - An arbitrary precision calculator language

26.8. Text Processing

26.8.1. iconv - Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another

26.8.1.1. cconv - A iconv based simplified-traditional chinese conversion tool
26.8.1.2. uconv - convert data from one encoding to another

26.8.2. 字元串處理命令expr

26.8.3. cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output

26.8.3.1. -s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
26.8.3.2. -v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB

26.8.4. nl - number lines of files

26.8.5. tr - translate or delete characters

26.8.5.1. 替換字元
26.8.5.2. 英文大小寫轉換
26.8.5.3. [CHAR*] 和 [CHAR*REPEAT]
26.8.5.4. -s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character
26.8.5.5. -d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate

26.8.6. cut - remove sections from each line of files

26.8.7. printf - format and print data

26.8.8. Free `recode' converts files between various character sets and surfaces.

26.8.9. /dev/urandom 隨機字元串

26.8.10. col - filter reverse line feeds from input

26.8.11. apg - generates several random passwords

26.8.12. head/tail

26.8.13. 反轉字元串或檔案內容

26.8.14. TAB符號與空格處理

26.8.14.1. expand - convert tabs to spaces
26.8.14.2. unexpand - convert spaces to tabs

26.9. grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern

26.9.1. 刪除空行

26.9.2. -v, --invert-match

26.9.3. Output control

26.9.3.1. -o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN
26.9.3.2. 遞歸操作
26.9.3.3. -c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE

26.9.4. Context control

26.9.4.1. -A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context
26.9.4.2. -B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context
26.9.4.3. -C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context
26.9.4.4. --color

26.9.5. Regexp selection and interpretation

26.9.5.1. .*
26.9.5.2. 2010:(13|14|15|16)
26.9.5.3. []與{}
26.9.5.4. -P, --perl-regexp Perl正則表達式

26.9.6. fgrep

26.9.7. egrep

26.10. sort - sort lines of text files

26.10.1. 對列排序
26.10.2. -s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison

26.11. uniq

26.12. 表格操作/行列轉換

26.12.1. column - columnate lists
26.12.2. paste - merge lines of files
26.12.3. join

26.13. standard input/output

26.13.1. xargs - build and execute command lines from standard input

26.13.1.1. 格式化
26.13.1.2. standard input
26.13.1.3. -I 替換操作
26.13.1.4. -n, --max-args=MAX-ARGS use at most MAX-ARGS arguments per command line
26.13.1.5. -t, --verbose print commands before executing them
26.13.1.6. -d, --delimiter=CHARACTER items in input stream are separated by CHARACTER, not by whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing
26.13.1.7. -0, --null items are separated by a null, not whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing
26.13.1.8. -r, --no-run-if-empty if there are no arguments, then do not run COMMAND; if this option is not given, COMMAND will be
26.13.1.9. -p, --interactive prompt before running commands

26.14. flock - manage locks from shell scripts

26.15. 進制轉換 - 16進制 - 8進制 - 二進制

26.15.1. od - dump files in octal and other formats

26.15.1.1. 16進制
26.15.1.2. 使用 od 隨機生成密碼

26.15.2. hexdump, hd -- ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump

26.15.3. xxd - make a hexdump or do the reverse.

26.15.3.1. 指定每行的列數
26.15.3.2. 跳過位元組

26.15.4. binutils

26.15.4.1. strings - print the strings of printable characters in files.

26.16. Logging

26.16.1. logger - a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module

26.17. Password

26.17.1. Shadow password suite configuration.
26.17.2. newusers - update and create new users in batch
26.17.3. chpasswd - update passwords in batch mode
26.17.4. sshpass - noninteractive ssh password provider

26.18. 信息摘要

26.18.1. cksum, sum -- display file checksums and block counts
26.18.2. md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
26.18.3.

26.19. envsubst - substitutes environment variables in shell format strings

28. Utility Programs

28.1. ed, red - text editor

28.2.1. 查找與替換

28.2.2. 插入檔案

28.2.3. 批處理

28.2.3.1. vi 批處理

28.2.4. line()

28.2.5. set fileformat

28.3.1. 處理列

28.3.2. printf

28.3.3. Pattern(字元匹配)

28.3.3.1. Pattern, Pattern

28.3.4. Built-in Variables (NR/NF)

28.3.4.1. NR
28.3.4.2. NF
28.3.4.3. 練習

28.3.5. Built-in Functions

28.3.5.1. length
28.3.5.2. toupper() 轉為大寫字母
28.3.5.3. tolower() 轉為小寫字母
28.3.5.4. rand() 隨機數生成

28.3.6. 過濾相同的行

28.3.7. 數組演示

28.4.1. 查找與替換

28.4.1.1. 正則
28.4.1.2. aaa="bbb" 提取bbb
28.4.1.3. 首字母大寫

28.4.2. insert 插入字元

28.4.3. 追加字元

28.4.4. 修改字元

28.4.5. 刪除字元

28.4.5.1. delete

28.4.6. 行操作

28.4.7. 編輯檔案

28.4.8. 正則表達式

28.4.9. 管道操作

28.4.10. 字母大小寫轉換

28.4.11. perl

28.5. CURL - transfer a URL

28.5.1. 基本用法

28.5.2. 提交表單數據

28.5.3. 上傳檔案

28.5.4. connect-timeout

28.5.5. max-time

28.5.6. compressed

28.5.7. vhosts

28.5.8. -w, --write-out <format> 輸出格式定義

28.5.9. -A/--user-agent <agent string>

28.5.10. referer

28.5.11. -v

28.5.12. -o, --output FILE Write output to <file> instead of stdout

28.5.13. -L, --location

28.5.14. -H/--header <line> Custom header to pass to server (H)

28.5.14.1. Last-Modified / If-Modified-Since
28.5.14.2. ETag / If-None-Match
28.5.14.3. Accept-Encoding:gzip,defalte
28.5.14.4. HOST
28.5.14.5. HTTP 認證
28.5.14.6. Accept
28.5.14.7. Content-Type

28.5.15. curl-config

28.5.16. 指定網絡介面或者地址

28.5.17. Cookie 處理

28.5.18. Restful 應用 JSON 數據處理

28.5.18.1. Curl Oauth2
28.5.18.2. Curl + Oauth2 + Jwt

28.5.19. 訪問自簽名證書

28.5.20. HTTP2

28.5.21. FAQ

28.6. expect

28.6.1. 模擬登錄 telnet 獲取Cisco配置
28.6.2. 模擬登錄 ssh
28.6.3. SCP
28.6.4. openssl 例子

28.7. expect-lite - quick and easy command line automation tool

28.8. sshpass - noninteractive ssh password provider

28.9. Klish - Kommand Line Interface Shell (the fork of clish project)

28.9.1. 安裝Klish

28.9.2. 為用戶指定clish作為預設Shell

28.9.3. FAQ

28.9.3.1. clish/shell/shell_expat.c:36:19: fatal error: expat.h: No such file or directory

28.10. Limited command Shell (lshell)

28.11. Wget - The non-interactive network downloader.

28.11.1. Logging and input file

28.11.1.1. -i, --input-file=FILE download URLs found in local or external FILE.

28.11.2. 下載相關參數

28.11.2.1. -O, --output-document=FILE write documents to FILE 保存到檔案

28.11.3. HTTP options (HTTP 選項)

28.11.3.1. --post-data=STRING use the POST method; send STRING as the data.
28.11.3.2. header HTTP頭定義

28.11.4. Recursive download

28.11.4.1. -r, --recursive specify recursive download.
28.11.4.2. -m, --mirror shortcut for -N -r -l inf --no-remove-listing.

28.11.5. --no-passive-ftp disable the "passive" transfer mode.

28.11.6. 下載一組連續的檔案名

28.12.1. screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
28.12.2. tmux — terminal multiplexer
28.12.3. byobu - wrapper script for seeding a user's byobu configuration and launching a text based window manager (either screen or tmux)
28.12.4. htop - interactive process viewer
28.12.5. elinks
28.12.6. chat

28.13. jq - Command-line JSON processor

28.14. parallel - build and execute shell command lines from standard input in parallel

28.15. multitail

29. Shell Terminal

29.1. terminal

29.1.1. resize - set TERMCAP and terminal settings to current xterm window size
29.1.2. tset, reset - terminal initialization
29.1.3. stty - change and print terminal line settings

29.2.1. Change the prompt color using tput

29.3. dialog

29.3.1. --inputbox

29.4. whiptail - display dialog boxes from shell scripts

29.4.1. --msgbox
29.4.2. --infobox
29.4.3. --yesno
29.4.4. --inputbox
29.4.5. --passwordbox
29.4.6. --textbox
29.4.7. --checklist
29.4.8. --radiolist
29.4.9. --menu
29.4.10. --gauge

III. Network Application

30. Networking 網絡管理

30.1. hosts

30.1.1. /etc/hostname
30.1.2. hostnamectl - Control the system hostname
30.1.3. /etc/host.conf
30.1.4. /etc/hosts
30.1.5. hosts.allow / hosts.deny
30.1.6. /etc/resolv.conf

30.2. Network adapter 網絡適配器

30.2.1. 介面名稱

30.3. Ethernet Interfaces 乙太網介面

30.3.1. ifquery
30.3.2. DHCP
30.3.3. CentOS
30.3.4. Ubuntu

30.4. Gateway 設置預設網關

30.4.1. CentOS

30.5. 配置 DNS

30.5.1. 常規 DNS 配置 /etc/resolv.conf

30.5.2. 安全 DNS 配置

30.5.2.1. 啟用 DNS over TLS
30.5.2.2. 啟用 DNSSEC
30.5.2.3. 同時啟用 DNS over TLS 和 DNSSEC
30.5.2.4. 配置 NetworkManager

30.6. IP forwarding(IP轉發)

30.7. bonding

30.7.1. bonding
30.7.2. Ubuntu

30.8. brctl

30.9. Wireless - WiFi 配置

30.9.1. rfkill - tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices
30.9.2. iwlist - Get more detailed wireless information from a wireless interface
30.9.3. iwconfig - configure a wireless network interface
30.9.4. /proc/net/wireless

30.10. CentOS 8

30.10.1. nmtui - Text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager

30.10.2. nmcli - command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager

30.10.2.1. 查看連接狀態
30.10.2.2. 查看介面狀態
30.10.2.3. 添加介面
30.10.2.4.
30.10.2.5. 停止介面
30.10.2.6.
30.10.2.7. 顯示設備信息

30.11. 網絡檢查命令

30.11.1. ping
30.11.2. Finding optimal MTU
30.11.3. ss - another utility to investigate sockets

30.12. Ubuntu netplan (Ubuntu 18.04 之後才用 netplan 管理網絡)

30.13. Linux IP And Router

30.13.1. netmask

30.13.1.1. iptab
30.13.1.2. netmask - a netmask generation and conversion program

30.13.2. arp - manipulate the system ARP cache

30.13.2.1. display hosts
30.13.2.2. delete a specified entry
30.13.2.3. /proc/net/arp
30.13.2.4. /etc/ethers

30.13.3. iproute2

30.13.3.1.
30.13.3.2. 添加路由
30.13.3.3. 刪除路由
30.13.3.4. 變更路由
30.13.3.5. 替換已有的路由
30.13.3.6. 增加預設路由
30.13.3.7. cache

30.13.4. 策略路由

30.13.5. 負載均衡

30.13.6. MASQUERADE

30.13.7. ip tunnel

30.13.8. VLAN

30.13.9. Zebra

31. OpenNTPD

31.1. install

31.1.1. ntpd - Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon
31.1.2. Ubuntu
31.1.3. ntpdate

31.2. ntpdate

31.2.1. CentOS 7
31.2.2. CentOS 6

31.3. ntpd.conf / ntp.conf

31.3.1. server 配置
31.3.2. ntp 安全設置

31.4. ntpstat - show network time synchronisation status

31.5. ntpq - standard NTP query program

32.1. DHCP Server
32.2. dhclient
32.3. release matching connections

33. DNS/Bind

33.1. 安裝 bind9

33.2. forwarders

33.3. Load Balancing

33.5. Master / Slave

33.5.1. master /etc/named.conf

33.5.1.1. /var/named/example.com.zone
33.5.1.2. /var/named/example.com.zone

33.5.2. slave /etc/named.conf

33.5.3. FAQ

33.5.3.1. Master 更改後 Slave 不同步
33.5.3.2. Master 與 Slave 的 Test

33.6. DNS tools

33.6.1. dig - DNS lookup utility

33.6.1.1. any
33.6.1.2. ns
33.6.1.3. A
33.6.1.4. mx
33.6.1.5. cname
33.6.1.6. txt
33.6.1.7. -x addr 反向解析
33.6.1.8. web dig

33.6.2. nslookup - query Internet name servers interactively

33.6.2.1. 刷新 DNS 解析緩存
33.6.2.2. 查看NS記錄
33.6.2.3. Mx 記錄
33.6.2.4. txt

33.7.1. OpenDNS
33.7.2. Google DNS

33.8. NamedManager

34. dnsmasq

34.1. Install

34.1.1. CentOS / Redhat
34.1.2. Debian / Ubuntu
34.1.3. Firewall 設置

34.2. /etc/dnsmasq.conf

34.3. dnsmasq.resolv.conf

34.4. dnsmasq.hosts

34.5. /etc/dnsmasq.d/dnsmasq.server.conf

34.6. /etc/dnsmasq.d/dnsmasq.address.conf

34.6.1. 域名劫持

35. rinetd — internet “redirection server”

35.1. rinetd install

35.1.1. ubuntu
35.1.2. centos

35.2. rinetd.conf

35.3. 防禦腳本

35.4. rinetd.log

36. News Group (innd)

36.1. Ubuntu
36.2. CentOS
36.3. User Authentication
36.4. usenet 管理
36.5. 通過SSL連接
36.6. src.rpm 安裝
36.7. 常用新聞組

37. IRC - Internet Relay Chat

37.1. IRC Protcol

37.2. IRC Commands

37.3. ircd-irc2 - The original IRCNet IRC server daemon

37.4. ircd-hybrid

37.5. IRC Client

37.5.1. Irssi - a modular IRC client for UNIX

37.5.1.1. 安裝 Irssi
37.5.1.2. irssi 命令參數
37.5.1.3. network
37.5.1.4. server

37.5.2. ircII - interface to the Internet Relay Chat system

37.5.3. HydraIRC

37.5.4. XChat

37.5.5. F-IRC

37.6. Web IRC

37.6.1. QuakeNet Web IRC
37.6.2. freenode
37.6.3. Web IRC
37.6.4. hackint

38. jabber XMPP

38.1. ejabberd - Distributed, fault-tolerant Jabber/XMPP server written in Erlang

38.1.1. ejabberdctl

38.2. tigase

38.3. Openfire

38.4. DJabberd

38.5. freetalk - A console based Jabber client

38.6. library

38.6.1. python-xmpp

39. Proxy Server

39.1. Apache Proxy

39.2. Squid - Internet Object Cache (WWW proxy cache)

39.2.1. 源碼安裝

39.2.2. debian/ubuntu 安裝

39.2.3. 配置

39.2.3.1. 正向代理
39.2.3.2. 代理伺服器
39.2.3.3. Squid作為反向代理Cache伺服器(Reverse Proxy)
39.2.3.4. 代理+反向代理

39.2.4. Squid 管理

39.2.4.1. squidclient
39.2.4.2. reset cache

39.2.5. 禁止頁面被Cache

39.2.6. Squid 實用案例

39.2.6.1. Squid Apache/Lighttpd 在同一台伺服器上
39.2.6.2. 用非 root 用戶守護 Squid

39.2.7. squid+icap+clamav

39.3. Web page proxy

39.3.1. Surrogafier
39.3.2. CGIproxy
39.3.3. PHPProxy
39.3.4. BBlocked
39.3.5. Glype
39.3.6. Zelune

39.4. Socks/Socks5

39.4.1. Socks5

39.4.2. dante-server - SOCKS (v4 and v5) proxy daemon(danted)

39.4.3. SSH Socks5 Tunnel

39.4.4. hpsockd - HP SOCKS server

39.4.5. Shadowsocks - A secure socks5 proxy, designed to protect your Internet traffic.

39.4.5.1. Server
39.4.5.2. ssserver 命令
39.4.5.3. Client

40. Firewall

40.1. TCP/IP 相關內核配置項

40.1.1. net.ipv4.ip_forward
40.1.2. net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all

40.2. iptables - administration tools for packet filtering and NAT

40.2.1. Getting Started

40.2.1.1. CentOS/Redhat TUI 工具

40.2.2. 用戶自定義規則連

40.2.2.1. Chains List
40.2.2.2. Chains Refresh
40.2.2.3. Chains Admin
40.2.2.4. 重置

40.2.3. Protocols 協議

40.2.4. Interfaces 網絡適配器介面

40.2.5. 源IP地址

40.2.6. Ports 連接埠

40.2.6.1. range
40.2.6.2. multiport

40.2.7. NAT

40.2.7.1. Redirect
40.2.7.2. Postrouting and IP Masquerading
40.2.7.3. Prerouting
40.2.7.4. DNAT and SNAT
40.2.7.5. DMZ zone

40.2.8. Module(模組)

40.2.8.1. IPTables and Connection Tracking
40.2.8.2. string
40.2.8.3. connlimit
40.2.8.4. recent
40.2.8.5. limit
40.2.8.6. nth
40.2.8.7. random 模組

40.2.9. IPV6

40.2.10. iptables-xml - Convert iptables-save format to XML

40.2.11. access.log IP封鎖腳本

40.2.12. Example

40.2.12.1. INPUT Rule Chains
40.2.12.2. OUTPUT Rule Chains
40.2.12.3. Forward
40.2.12.4. Malicious Software and Spoofed IP Addresses
40.2.12.5. /etc/sysconfig/iptables 操作系統預設配置

40.3. ulogd - The Netfilter Userspace Logging Daemon

40.4. ufw - program for managing a netfilter firewall

40.4.1. /etc/default/ufw
40.4.2. ip_forward
40.4.3. DHCP
40.4.4. Samba

40.5. CentOS 7 Firewalld

40.5.1. 如果你不習慣使用firewalld想用回Iptables

40.5.2. 安裝 firewalld

40.5.3. firewalld 配置檔案

40.5.3.1. 規則配置檔案
40.5.3.2. 服務配置檔案
40.5.3.3. 區域配置檔案

40.5.4. firewall-cmd

40.5.4.1. 查看版本號
40.5.4.2. 查看幫助
40.5.4.3. 顯示狀態
40.5.4.4. 重新載入防火牆規則
40.5.4.5. 持久化
40.5.4.6. 檢查配置正確性
40.5.4.7. 日誌選項
40.5.4.8. 拒絶所有包
40.5.4.9. 直接模式

40.5.5. 區域

40.5.5.1. 查看區域
40.5.5.2. 查看預設區域
40.5.5.3. 設置預設區域
40.5.5.4. 查看區域對應的網絡介面
40.5.5.5. 查看指定區域的所有配置
40.5.5.6. 查看所有區域的配置信息
40.5.5.7. 刪除區域
40.5.5.8. 區域介面
40.5.5.9. 更在區域介面

40.5.6. 連接埠操作

40.5.6.1. 開放連接埠
40.5.6.2. 查看連接埠狀態
40.5.6.3. 禁用連接埠
40.5.6.4. 指定連接埠協議
40.5.6.5. 連接埠轉發
40.5.6.6. IP 轉發

40.5.7. 服務

40.5.7.1. 查看可用的伺服器
40.5.7.2. 啟用服務
40.5.7.3. 禁用服務
40.5.7.4. 指定區域添加服務
40.5.7.5. 查詢服務狀態
40.5.7.6. 查看持久化服務

40.5.8. IP 偽裝

40.5.8.1. 開啟 IP 偽裝
40.5.8.2. 查看 IP 偽裝
40.5.8.3. 關閉 IP 偽裝

40.5.9. 富規則

40.6. Shorewall

40.6.1. Installation Instructions

40.6.1.1. Install using RPM
40.6.1.2. Install using apt-get

40.6.2. Configuring Shorewall

40.6.2.1. zones
40.6.2.2. policy
40.6.2.3. interfaces
40.6.2.4. masq
40.6.2.5. rules
40.6.2.6. params

40.7. Firewall GUI Tools

40.8. Endian Firewall

40.9. Smooth Firewall

40.10. Sphirewall

41. Stunnel - universal SSL tunnel

42. OpenSSH

42.1. 安裝 OpenSSH

42.2. /etc/ssh/

42.2.1. IP地址限制

42.2.2. sshd_config

42.2.2.1. Authentication 配置
42.2.2.2. Automatic SSH / SSH without password
42.2.2.3. disable password authentication
42.2.2.4. GSSAPI options
42.2.2.5. 忽略known_hosts檔案
42.2.2.6. UseDNS no
42.2.2.7. 禁止root用戶登錄
42.2.2.8. 限制SSH驗證重試次數
42.2.2.9. 禁止證書登陸
42.2.2.10. 使用證書替代密碼認證
42.2.2.11. 圖形窗口客戶端記憶密碼的問題
42.2.2.12. 用戶白名單權限控制
42.2.2.13. 用戶黑名單控制
42.2.2.14. 組白名單權限
42.2.2.15. 組黑名單權限
42.2.2.16. 禁止SSH連接埠映射

42.2.3. ssh_config

42.2.3.1. ForwardAgent

42.2.4. ~/.ssh/config

42.3. ssh client

42.3.1. -o option 參數詳解

42.4. OpenSSH Tunnel

42.4.1. SOCKS v5 Tunnel

42.5. ssh-keygen — authentication key generation, management and conversion

42.5.1. .ssh/known_hosts

42.6. ssh-keyscan

42.7. ssh-copy-id - install your public key in a remote machine's authorized_keys

42.8. ssh-agent

42.8.1. ssh-add
42.8.2. Lock / Unlock agent
42.8.3. Set lifetime (in seconds) when adding identities.

42.9. OpenSSH for Windows

42.9.1. Putty Client

42.10. Google Authenticator - Android Apps on Google Play

42.11. 禁止SSH密碼窮舉

42.12.1. Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
42.12.2. 去掉 passphrase
42.12.3. 打印調試信息

43. VPN (Virtual Private Network)

43.1. OpenVPN (openvpn - Virtual Private Network daemon)

43.1.1. 安裝 OpenVPN Server

43.1.1.1. 源碼安裝
43.1.1.2. Ubuntu
43.1.1.3. CentOS

43.1.2. Easy-RSA 3

43.1.2.1. 吊銷用戶證書
43.1.2.2. 導出 PKCS 7/PKCS 12 證書
43.1.2.3. 查看請求檔案
43.1.2.4. 查看證書
43.1.2.5. 導入 req 檔案
43.1.2.6. 更新資料庫
43.1.2.7. Easy-RSA 2 吊銷(revoke)用戶證書

43.1.3. Openvpn Client

43.1.4. OpenVPN GUI for Windows

43.1.4.1. Windows Server
43.1.4.2. Windows Client

43.1.5. point-to-point VPNs

43.1.6. VPN 案例

43.1.6.1. server and client vpn
43.1.6.2. Ethernet Bridging Example
43.1.6.3. IDC Example

43.1.7. OpenVPN安全

43.2. pptpd

43.2.1. Server 服務端

43.2.2. Client 客戶端

43.2.2.1. 創建賬號
43.2.2.2. 內核模組安裝
43.2.2.3. 撥入VPN
43.2.2.4. 路由配置

43.2.3. FAQ

43.2.3.1. 800 錯誤
43.2.3.2. 測試 PPTP 連接埠
43.2.3.3. debug

43.3. l2tpd - dummy package for l2tpd to xl2tpd transition

43.4. strongswan - IPSec utilities for strongSwan

43.4.1. 安裝 strongswan VPN 伺服器

43.4.2. 防火牆配置

43.4.3. 配置 IPSEC

43.4.4. Windows 10 VPN 客戶端配置

43.4.5. FAQ

43.4.5.1. 查看證書信息

43.5. openswan - IPSEC utilities for Openswan

43.6. Ipsec VPN

43.6.1. ipsec-tools - IPsec tools for Linux

43.7. N2N VPN

43.8. Hypersocket VPN

44. Point to Point

44.1. download

44.1.1. rtorrent - ncurses BitTorrent client based on LibTorrent
44.1.2. mldonkey-server - Door to the 'donkey' network
44.1.3. amule - client for the eD2k and Kad networks, like eMule

IV. Web Application

45.1. Installing

45.1.1. Netkiller OSCM 一鍵安裝（CentOS 7）

45.1.2. Installing by apt-get under the debain/ubuntu

45.1.3. CentOS

45.1.3.1. spawn-fcgi script
45.1.3.2. php-fpm
45.1.3.3. fastcgi backend

45.1.4. installing by source

45.1.5. CentOS 7

45.1.6. Mac

45.1.6.1. php-fpm

45.1.7. rotate log

45.1.7.1. log shell
45.1.7.2. /etc/logrotate.d/nginx

45.2. Nginx 命令

45.2.1. -V show version and configure options then exit
45.2.2. -t : test configuration and exit
45.2.3. test configuration, dump it and exit

45.3. nginx.conf 配置檔案

45.3.1. 處理器配置

45.3.2. events 配置

45.3.3. http 配置

45.3.3.1. 緩衝區相關設置
45.3.3.2. 超時設置
45.3.3.3. gzip
45.3.3.4. server_tokens
45.3.3.5. ssi

45.3.4. Nginx 變數

45.3.4.1. $host
45.3.4.2. http_user_agent
45.3.4.3. http_referer
45.3.4.4. request_filename
45.3.4.5. request_uri
45.3.4.6. remote_addr
45.3.4.7. http_cookie
45.3.4.8. request_method
45.3.4.9. limit_except
45.3.4.10. invalid_referer
45.3.4.11. $request_body - HTTP POST 數據
45.3.4.12. 自定義變數
45.3.4.13. if 條件判斷

45.3.5. server

45.3.5.1. listen
45.3.5.2. 單域名虛擬主機
45.3.5.3. ssl 虛擬主機
45.3.5.4. server_name 配置
45.3.5.5. location
45.3.5.6. root 通過$host智能匹配目錄
45.3.5.7. expires
45.3.5.8. access
45.3.5.9. autoindex
45.3.5.10. try_files
45.3.5.11. add_header
45.3.5.12. client_max_body_size 上傳檔案尺寸限制
45.3.5.13. return

45.3.6. rewrite

45.3.6.1. 處理泛解析
45.3.6.2. 處理副檔名
45.3.6.3. http get 參數處理
45.3.6.4. 正則取非
45.3.6.5. 去掉副檔名
45.3.6.6. 添加副檔名

45.3.7. HTTP2 配置 SSL證書

45.3.7.1. 自頒發證書
45.3.7.2. spdy
45.3.7.3. HTTP2
45.3.7.4. 用戶訪問 HTTP時強制跳轉到 HTTPS
45.3.7.5. SSL 雙向認證

45.3.8. upstream 負載均衡

45.3.8.1. weight 權重配置
45.3.8.2. backup 實現熱備

45.3.9. Proxy

45.3.9.1. proxy_cache
45.3.9.2. rewrite + proxy_pass
45.3.9.3. request_filename + proxy_pass
45.3.9.4. $request_uri 與 proxy_pass 聯合使用
45.3.9.5. try_files 與 proxy_pass 共用
45.3.9.6. Proxy 與 SSI
45.3.9.7. Host
45.3.9.8. expires
45.3.9.9. X-Forwarded-For
45.3.9.10. X-Sendfile
45.3.9.11. proxy_http_version
45.3.9.12. proxy_set_header
45.3.9.13. proxy_pass_request_headers 透傳 Header
45.3.9.14. timeout 超時時間
45.3.9.15. example

45.3.10. fastcgi

45.3.10.1. spawn-fcgi
45.3.10.2. php-fpm

45.4. Nginx module

45.4.1. stub_status

45.4.2. sub_filter 頁面中查找和替換

45.4.3. auth_basic

45.4.3.1. 使用 htpasswd 生幾個密碼檔案
45.4.3.2. 使用 openssl 生成密碼

45.4.4. valid_referers

45.4.5. ngx_http_flv_module

45.4.6. ngx_http_mp4_module

45.4.7. limit_zone

45.4.8. image_filter

45.4.9. ngx_stream_proxy_module

45.4.10. ngx_http_mirror_module

45.4.11. limit_except

45.4.12. geoip_country_code

45.5. Example

45.5.1. Nginx + Tomcat
45.5.2. 攔截index.html
45.5.3. Session 的 Cookie 域處理

45.6.1. 405 Not Allowed?
45.6.2. 502 Bad Gateway?
45.6.3. 413 Request Entity Too Large
45.6.4. 502 Bad Gateway?
45.6.5. 499 Client Closed Request
45.6.6. proxy_pass
45.6.7. proxy_pass SESSION 丟失問題
45.6.8. [alert] 55785#0: *11449 socket() failed (24: Too many open files) while connecting to upstream
45.6.9. server_name 與 SSI 注意事項
45.6.10. location 跨 document_root 引用，引用 document_root 之外的資源
45.6.11. nginx: [warn] duplicate MIME type "text/html" in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
45.6.12. 127.0.0.1:8080 failed

46. Apache Tomcat

46.1. Tomcat 安裝與配置

46.1.1. Tomcat 6

46.1.1.1. tomcat-native
46.1.1.2. 啟動腳本

46.1.2. Tomcat 7

46.1.2.1. Server JRE
46.1.2.2. Tomcat

46.1.3. Java 8 + Tomcat 8

46.1.3.1. systemctl 啟動腳本
46.1.3.2. Session 共享

46.1.4. 防火牆配置

46.1.5. 同時運行多實例

46.1.6. Testing file

46.1.7. mod_jk

46.1.8. mod_proxy_ajp

46.1.9. RewriteEngine 連接 Tomcat

46.1.10. SSL 雙向認證

46.2. 配置 Tomcat 伺服器

46.2.1. server.xml

46.2.1.1. Connector
46.2.1.2. Context

46.2.2. tomcat-users.xml

46.2.3. context.xml

46.2.3.1. Resources
46.2.3.2. session cookie

46.2.4. logging.properties

46.2.5. catalina.properties

46.3. 虛擬主機配置

46.3.1. 方案一
46.3.2. 方案二
46.3.3. Alias 別名
46.3.4. access_log
46.3.5. Context 配置
46.3.6. 主機綁定IP地址

46.5. Logging 日誌

46.5.1. 開啟 debug 模式
46.5.2. 切割 catalina.out 日誌

46.6. Init.d Script

46.6.1. Script 1
46.6.2. Shell Script 2

47. Apache httpd

47.1. Install

47.1.1. Quick install apache with aptitude

47.1.1.1. command
47.1.1.2. rewrite module
47.1.1.3. PHP module
47.1.1.4. deflate module
47.1.1.5. ssl module
47.1.1.6. VirtualHost
47.1.1.7. ~userdir module - /public_html
47.1.1.8. PHP 5

47.1.2. CentOS 6

47.1.2.1. Install
47.1.2.2. Uninstall
47.1.2.3. Configure
47.1.2.4. Starting
47.1.2.5. FAQ

47.1.3. Compile and then install Apache

47.1.3.1. Apache 安裝與配置
47.1.3.2. 優化編譯條件
47.1.3.3. PHP
47.1.3.4. Automation Installing

47.1.4. XAMPP

47.1.4.1. XAMPP for Linux
47.1.4.2. php5

47.2. Module

47.2.1. Output a list of modules compiled into the server.

47.2.2. Core

47.2.2.1. Listen
47.2.2.2. Filesystem and Webspace
47.2.2.3. Etag
47.2.2.4. 隱藏 Apache 版本信息

47.2.3. mpm

47.2.3.1. event
47.2.3.2. worker

47.2.4. Apache Log

47.2.4.1. LogLevel
47.2.4.2. LogFormat
47.2.4.3. Compressed
47.2.4.4. rotatelogs - Piped logging program to rotate Apache logs
47.2.4.5. cronolog
47.2.4.6. 日誌合併
47.2.4.7. 日誌歸檔
47.2.4.8. logger
47.2.4.9. other

47.2.5. mod_access

47.2.6. VirtualHost

47.2.6.1. ServerName/ServerAlias
47.2.6.2. rotatelogs

47.2.7. Alias / AliasMatch

47.2.8. Redirect / RedirectMatch

47.2.9. Rewrite

47.2.9.1. R=301
47.2.9.2. Rewrite + JkMount
47.2.9.3. Apache redirect domain.com to www.domain.com
47.2.9.4. 正則匹配副檔名

47.2.10. Proxy

47.2.10.1. Reverse proxy

47.2.11. Deflate

47.2.11.1. 測試 gzip,deflate 模組

47.2.12. Expires

47.2.12.1. FilesMatch
47.2.12.2. Cache-Control
47.2.12.3. ETag

47.2.13. Cache

47.2.13.1. mod_disk_cache
47.2.13.2. mod_mem_cache

47.2.14. usertrack

47.2.15. Charset

47.2.16. Dir

47.2.17. Includes

47.2.18. Apache Status

47.2.19. Mod Perl

47.2.20. mod_pagespeed -

47.2.21. Module FAQ

47.2.22. mod_setenvif

47.2.23. PHP 程序安全問題 php_admin_value

47.2.24. mod_spdy

47.3. 設置Apache實現防盜連

47.4. .htaccess

47.5. Error Prompt

47.5.1. Invalid command 'Order', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration
47.5.2. Invalid command 'AuthUserFile', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration

48. Lighttpd

48.1. 安裝Lighttpd

48.1.1. quick install with aptitude

48.1.2. yum install

48.1.3. to compile and then install lighttpd

48.1.3.1. shell script

48.2. /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf

48.2.1. max-worker / max-fds
48.2.2. accesslog.filename
48.2.3. ETags
48.2.4. server.tag

48.3. Module

48.3.1. simple_vhost

48.3.2. ssl

48.3.3. redirect

48.3.4. rewrite

48.3.4.1. Lighttpd Rewrite QSA

48.3.5. alias

48.3.6. auth

48.3.7. compress

48.3.8. expire

48.3.9. status

48.3.10. setenv

48.3.10.1. Automatic Decompression

48.3.11. fastcgi

48.3.11.1. enable fastcgi
48.3.11.2. PHP
48.3.11.3. Python
48.3.11.4. Perl
48.3.11.5. Ruby
48.3.11.6. UNIX domain sockets

48.3.12. user-agent

48.3.13. spdy

48.4. 其他模組

48.4.1. mod_secdownload 防盜鏈

48.5. Example

48.5.1. s-maxage

49.1. 安裝Resin

49.1.1. 直接使用
49.1.2. Debian/Ubuntu
49.1.3. 源碼安裝Resin

49.2. Compiling mod_caucho.so

49.3. resin.conf

49.3.1. Maximum number of threads
49.3.2. Configures the keepalive
49.3.3. ssl

49.4. virtual hosts

49.4.1. explicit host
49.4.2. regexp host
49.4.3. host-alias
49.4.4. configures a deployment directory for virtual hosts
49.4.5. Resources

49.5.1. java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space

50. Application Server

50.1. Zope
50.2. JBoss - JBoss Enterprise Middleware

51. Web Server Optimization

51.1. ulimit

51.1.1. open files

51.2. khttpd

51.3. php.ini

51.3.1. Resource Limits
51.3.2. File Uploads
51.3.3. Session Shared
51.3.4. PATHINFO

51.4. APC Cache (php-apc - APC (Alternative PHP Cache) module for PHP 5)

51.5. Zend Optimizer

51.6. eaccelerator

52. varnish - a state-of-the-art, high-performance HTTP accelerator

52.1. Varnish Install

52.2. varnish utility

52.2.1. status

52.2.2. varnishadm

52.2.2.1. 清除緩存

52.2.3. varnishtop

52.2.4. varnishhist

52.2.5. varnishsizes

52.3. log file

52.4. Varnish Configuration Language - VCL

52.4.1. unset / set

52.5. example

53. Apache Traffic Server

53.1. Install
53.2. Configure

54. Cherokee

54.1. Installing Cherokee

56. Other Web Server

56.1. Python SimpleHTTPServer

57. web 伺服器排名

57.1. HTTP狀態碼

58.1. Chrome

V. Mail Server

59. Mail server constituent

60. mail user agent (MUA)

60.2. mutt - text-based mailreader supporting MIME, GPG, PGP and threading

60.2.1. 發送郵件
60.2.2. 設置自定義 From

60.3. alpine - Text-based email client, friendly for novices but powerful

60.4. fetchmail - SSL enabled POP3, APOP, IMAP mail gatherer/forwarder

60.5. GPG4WIN

60.6. Evolution

61. exim - meta-package to ease Exim MTA (v4) installation

61.1. install

61.1.1. ubuntu/debian

61.1.1.1. configure

61.1.2. CentOS/Redhat

61.2. exim 命令

61.2.1. 幫助信息
61.2.2. 測試發送郵件
61.2.3. 刷新郵件隊列

61.3. 配置exim

61.3.1. /etc/aliases 別名配置

61.4.1. Mailing to remote domains not supported

62. postfix - High-performance mail transport agent

62.1. install

62.1.1. Ubuntu
62.1.2. CentOS
62.1.3. OSCM 通過配置管理腳本安裝

62.2. 配置 Postfix

62.2.1. 轉發配置

62.2.2. 拒收垃圾郵件

62.2.3. 收件箱配置

62.2.3.1. Mailbox 配置
62.2.3.2. Maildir 配置
62.2.3.3. 傳統Unix風格郵箱配置

62.2.4. 郵件投遞

62.2.5. 隊列配置

62.2.6. 客戶端

62.2.7. SMTP 發送權限相關配置

62.3. aliases

62.4.1. 增加域名
62.4.2. 測試

62.5. Rspamd

62.6. /var/log/maillog

62.6.1. 計算每分鐘發送數量日誌統計
62.6.2. 虛假地址統計

62.7. Post 命令

62.7.1. postconf - Postfix configuration utility

62.7.2. postsuper

62.7.3. postqueue - Postfix queue control

62.7.3.1. 列出隊列
62.7.3.2. 刷新隊列

62.7.4. postmulti - Postfix multi-instance manager

62.7.4.1. 綁定IP地址
62.7.4.2. postfix 多實例配置
62.7.4.3. 配置 iptables 讓SMTPD發送郵件時依次輪詢外發IP地址，這樣就不會被封鎖。

62.8. Example

62.8.1. 站內電郵發送
62.8.2. EDM 伺服器
62.8.3. SMTP 郵件發送伺服器

62.9.1. SMTP ERROR: RCPT TO command failed: 501 5.1.3 Bad recipient address syntax
62.9.2. connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2607:f8b0:400e:c00::1a]:25: Network is unreachable
62.9.3. opendkim[5762]: 3012A802C1DD: [49.213.11.18] [49.213.11.18] not internal
62.9.4. opendkim[12578]: 4CC5C802C382: no signature data
62.9.5. /etc/opendkim/keys/default.private: open(): No such file or directory
62.9.6. fatal: parameter inet_interfaces: no local interface found for ::1
62.9.7. NOQUEUE: reject: MAIL from unknown[192.168.3.31]: 552 5.3.4 Message size exceeds fixed limit;
62.9.8. 452 4.3.1 Insufficient system storage
62.9.9. 454 Relay access denied

63. 郵件原文

63.1. Subject Unicode
63.2. TO/CC/BCC
63.3. 正文
63.4. POP Sniffer
63.5. PHP mail()

64. 反垃圾郵件相關

64.1. Sender Policy Framework

64.1.1. 分析 SPF 記錄

64.3. 郵件被拒收處理方法

64.3.1. NetEase
64.3.2. Sohu
64.3.3. Tom
64.3.4. QQ
64.3.5. 21CN

65.1. HylaFAX

66.1. 通過SSH與控制台不能登錄

VI. Backup, Recovery, and Archiving Solutions

67. Logical Volume Manager (LVM)

67.1. 物理卷管理（physical volume）

67.1.1. pvcreate
67.1.2. pvdisplay
67.1.3. pvs

67.2. 卷組管理（Volume Group）

67.2.1. vgcreate
67.2.2. vgdisplay
67.2.3. vgs
67.2.4. vgchange
67.2.5. vgextend
67.2.6. vgreduce

67.3. 邏輯卷管理（logical volume）

67.3.1. lvcreate

67.3.1.1. snapshot

67.3.2. lvdisplay

67.3.3. lvremove

67.3.3.1. snapshot

67.4. Format

67.5. mount

67.5.1. lv
67.5.2. snapshot

67.6. snapshot backup

68. 檔案傳輸

68.1. 跨伺服器檔案傳輸

68.1.1. scp - secure copy (remote file copy program)
68.1.2. nc - TCP/IP swiss army knife

68.2. wget - retrieves files from the web

68.2.1. 下載所有圖片
68.2.2. mirror
68.2.3. reject
68.2.4. ftp 下載

68.3. axel - A light download accelerator - Console version

69. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

69.1.1. pget
69.1.2. lftp 批處理

69.2. ncftp

69.2.1. batch command
69.2.2. ncftpget
69.2.3. ncftpput

69.3. FileZilla

69.4. vsftpd - The Very Secure FTP Daemon

69.4.1. 安裝 vsftpd

69.4.1.1. Ubuntu 環境安裝
69.4.1.2. CentOS 7 環境安裝

69.4.2. ftp 帳號的shell權限

69.4.3. vsftpd 認證模組

69.4.3.1. pam_shells.so
69.4.3.2. virtual user
69.4.3.3. 虛擬用戶權限

69.4.4. chroot

69.4.4.1. local user
69.4.4.2. /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
69.4.4.3. test

69.4.5. FAT

69.4.5.1. vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()

69.5. ProFTPD + MySQL / OpenLDAP 用戶認證

69.5.1. Proftpd + MySQL
69.5.2. Proftpd + OpenLDAP

69.6. Pure-FTPd + LDAP + MySQL + PGSQL + Virtual-Users + Quota

70. File Synchronize

70.1. rsync - fast remote file copy program (like rcp)

70.1.1. 安裝Rsync與配置守護進程

70.1.1.1. install with source
70.1.1.2. install with aptitude
70.1.1.3. xinetd
70.1.1.4. CentOS 7 - systemctl

70.1.2. rsyncd.conf

70.1.3. rsync 參數說明

70.1.3.1. -n, --dry-run perform a trial run with no changes made
70.1.3.2. --bwlimit=KBPS limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second
70.1.3.3. -e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use

70.1.4. step by step to learn rsync

70.1.5. rsync examples

70.1.5.1. upload
70.1.5.2. download
70.1.5.3. mirror
70.1.5.4. rsync delete
70.1.5.5. backup to a central backup server with 7 day incremental
70.1.5.6. backup to a spare disk
70.1.5.7. mirroring vger CVS tree
70.1.5.8. automated backup at home
70.1.5.9. Fancy footwork with remote file lists

70.1.6. rsync for windows

70.1.7. 多進程 rsync 腳本

70.2. tsync

70.3. lsyncd

70.3.1. 安裝

70.3.2. 配置 lsyncd.conf

70.3.2.1. lsyncd.conf 配置項說明

70.3.3. 配置演示

70.4. Unison File Synchronizer

70.4.1. local
70.4.2. remote
70.4.3. config

70.5. csync2 - cluster synchronization tool

70.5.1. server
70.5.2. node
70.5.3. test
70.5.4. Advanced Configuration
70.5.5. 編譯安裝

70.6. synctool

71. File Share

71.1. NFSv4

71.1.1. Ubuntu

71.1.1.1. NFSv4 server
71.1.1.2. NFSv4 client

71.1.2. CentOS

71.1.2.1. NFS Server Configuration
71.1.2.2. NFS Client Configuration

71.1.3. exports

71.1.3.1. Permission
71.1.3.2. Parameters
71.1.3.3. 實例參考

71.1.4. NFS For Windows

71.1.5. exportfs - maintain table of exported NFS file systems

71.1.6. macOS

71.1.6.1. 配置 exports
71.1.6.2. 查看共享狀態
71.1.6.3. 掛載共享目錄
71.1.6.4. 服務管理

71.1.7. Parallel NFS(pNFS)

71.2. Samba

71.2.1. install

71.2.1.1. Ubuntu
71.2.1.2. Samba
71.2.1.3. CentOS 7
71.2.1.4. firewall
71.2.1.5. SELinux Configuration

71.2.2. smb.conf

71.2.2.1. Security consideration

71.2.3. testparm - check an smb.conf configuration file for internal correctness

71.2.4. smbstatus - report on current Samba connections

71.2.5. smbpasswd - change a user's SMB password

71.2.6. nmblookup - NetBIOS over TCP/IP client used to lookup NetBIOS names

71.2.7. smbfs/smbmount/smbumount

71.2.8. smbclient - ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers

71.2.8.1. 顯示共享目錄
71.2.8.2. 訪問共享資源
71.2.8.3. 用戶登錄

71.2.9. smbtar - shell script for backing up SMB/CIFS shares directly to UNIX tape drives

71.2.10. by Example

71.2.10.1. share
71.2.10.2. user
71.2.10.3. test

71.2.11. FAQ

71.2.11.1. smbd/service.c:make_connection_snum(1013)

72. Distributed File Systems

72.1. DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device)

72.1.1. disk and partition
72.1.2. Installation
72.1.3. configure
72.1.4. Starting
72.1.5. Using

72.2. Network Block Device protocol

72.2.1. nbd-server - Network Block Device protocol - server
72.2.2. nbd-client - Network Block Device protocol - client

72.3. GridFS

72.3.1. nginx-gridfs
72.3.2. lighttpd-gridfs

72.4. Moose File System

72.4.1. Master server installation
72.4.2. Backup server (metalogger) installation
72.4.3. Chunk servers installation
72.4.4. Users’ computers installation
72.4.5. Testing MFS

72.5. LizardFS

72.6.1. Installation on Ubuntu

72.6.2. Installation on CentOS

72.6.2.1. mon
72.6.2.2. mds
72.6.2.3. osd
72.6.2.4. client
72.6.2.5. RADOS Gateway

72.6.3. Block Devices

72.7. GlusterFS

72.7.1. glusterfs-server

72.7.2. glusterfs-client

72.7.3. Testing

72.7.4. RAID

72.7.4.1. Mirror
72.7.4.2. Strip

72.7.5. Filesystem Administration

72.7.6. CentOS 6.3

72.8. Lustre

72.9. MogileFS

72.10. Kosmos distributed file system (KFS)

72.11. Hadoop - HDFS

72.12. BeeGFS - The Parallel Cluster File System

72.13. Coda

72.14. OpenAFS

73. Shared Storage

73.1. Oracle OCFS2

73.1.1. 安裝

73.3. fam & imon

74. Network Attached Storage(NAS 網絡附加存儲)

74.1. Network Storage - Openfiler

74.1.1. Accounts

74.1.2. Volumes

74.1.2.1. RAID
74.1.2.2. iSCSI

74.1.3. Quota

74.1.4. Shares

74.2. OpenMediaVault

74.3. FreeNAS

75. Backup / Restore

75.1. 備份策略

75.1.1. Incremental backup
75.1.2. Differential backup

75.2. btrbk.noarch : Tool for creating snapshots and remote backups of btrfs sub-volumes

75.3. dump / restore

75.4. Bacula, the Open Source, Enterprise ready, Network Backup Tool for Linux, Unix, Mac and Windows.

75.4.1. Install Backup Server
75.4.2. Install Backup Client

75.5. Amanda: Open Source Backup

75.6. Attic - 擁有重複數據刪除技術的備份軟件

75.6.1. 安裝 Attic
75.6.2. 快速開始

75.7. SafeKeep

75.8. Opendedup

76. inotify

76.1. inotify-tools

76.2. Incron - cron-like daemon which handles filesystem events

76.2.1. incrontab - inotify cron table manipulator

76.2.2. 使用說明

76.2.2.1. mask 參數
76.2.2.2. command 參數

76.3. inotify-tools + rsync

76.4. pyinotify

VII. Monitoring

93. NET SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

93.1. 安裝SNMP

93.1.1. Ubuntu

93.1.1.1. snmpd.conf
93.1.1.2. SNMP v3

93.1.2. CentOS

93.1.2.1. Configure SNMPv3 on CentOS or RHEL

93.2. 配置SNMP

93.2.1. community 配置
93.2.2. 定義可操作的範圍

93.3. SNMP 命令

93.3.1. snmpwalk
93.3.2. snmpget
93.3.3. snmptest

93.4. Cisco MBI

93.4.1. Cisco 3750
93.4.2. Cisco ASA 5550

94.1. Installing and Configuring Zabbix

94.1.1. Ubuntu
94.1.2. CentOS Zabbix 2.4
94.1.3. Zabbix 3.x CentOS 7

94.2. web ui

94.2.1. 警告腳本

94.3. zabbix-java-gateway - Zabbix java gateway

94.4. zabbix-agent

94.4.1. Ubuntu

94.4.2. CentOS 7

94.4.3. zabbix_agentd 命令

94.4.4. Nginx status 監控

94.4.5. redis

94.4.6. MongoDB

94.4.6.1. 創建 Mongo 監控用戶
94.4.6.2. Zabbix agentd 配置
94.4.6.3. Zabbix server 測試

94.4.7. PHP-FPM

94.4.7.1. 啟用 php-fpm status 功能
94.4.7.2. 配置 nginx
94.4.7.3. 配置 Zabbix 代理
94.4.7.4. php-fpm 監控參數

94.4.8. Elasticsearch

94.4.8.1. 安裝採集腳本
94.4.8.2. 配置Zabbix代理

94.4.9. Postfix

94.4.9.1. 安裝採集腳本
94.4.9.2. userparameter_postfix.conf

94.4.10. TCP stats

94.4.10.1. 採集腳本

94.4.11. 應用依賴檢查

94.4.12. Oracle

94.4.12.1. 採集腳本
94.4.12.2.

95.1. Install Cacti for Ubuntu

95.2. Yum 安裝

95.3. Source Install

95.4. Web 安裝

95.5. Cacti plugins

95.5.1. Percona monitoring plugins

95.6. Template

95.6.1. Nginx
95.6.2. php-fpm
95.6.3. MySQL
95.6.4. Redis
95.6.5. Percona JMX Monitoring Template for Cacti

96.1. Install

96.1.1. Nagios core
96.1.2. Monitor Client nrpe
96.1.3. Monitoring Windows Machines
96.1.4. PNP4Nagios 圖表插件

96.2. nagios

96.3. nrpe node

96.4. 配置 Nagios

96.4.1. authorized
96.4.2. contacts
96.4.3. hostgroups
96.4.4. generic-service
96.4.5. SOUND OPTIONS
96.4.6. SMS 短信
96.4.7. nrpe plugins

96.5. 配置監控設備

96.5.1. routers

96.5.2. host

96.5.3. service

96.5.3.1. http
96.5.3.2. mysql hosts
96.5.3.3. check_tcp

96.6. Nagios Plugins

96.6.1. check_ping

96.6.2. check_procs

96.6.3. check_users

96.6.4. check_http

96.6.5. check_mysql

96.6.5.1. check_mysql
96.6.5.2. mysql.cfg check_mysql_replication
96.6.5.3. nrpe.cfg check_mysql_replication

96.6.6. Disk

96.6.6.1. disk.cfg
96.6.6.2. check_disk
96.6.6.3. disk-smb.cfg

96.6.7. check_tcp

96.6.7.1. 連接埠檢查
96.6.7.2. Memcache
96.6.7.3. Redis

96.6.8. check_log

96.6.9. check_traffic

96.6.10. Nagios nrpe plugins

96.6.11. check_nt

96.6.12. nsca - Nagios Service Check Acceptor

96.6.13. jmx

96.7.1. Macro Name
96.7.2. 插件開發手冊

97. ElasticSearch + Logstash + Kibana

97.1. 安裝

97.1.1. 6.x

97.1.2. ElasticSearch + Logstash + Kibana 安裝

97.1.2.1. ElasticSearch 安裝
97.1.2.2. Kibana 安裝
97.1.2.3. Logstash 安裝
97.1.2.4. 從 5.x 升級到 6.x

97.2. logstash 命令簡單應用

97.2.1. -e 命令行運行
97.2.2. -f 指定配置檔案
97.2.3. -t：測試配置檔案是否正確，然後退出。
97.2.4. -l：日誌輸出的地址
97.2.5. log.level 啟動Debug模式

97.3. 配置 Broker(Redis)

97.3.1. indexer
97.3.2. shipper

97.4. logstash 配置項

97.4.1. input

97.4.1.1. 標準輸入輸出
97.4.1.2. rubydebug
97.4.1.3. 本地檔案
97.4.1.4. TCP/UDP
97.4.1.5. Redis
97.4.1.6. Kafka
97.4.1.7. jdbc

97.4.2. filter

97.4.2.1. 日期格式化
97.4.2.2. patterns
97.4.2.3. syslog
97.4.2.4. csv
97.4.2.5. 使用ruby 處理 CSV檔案
97.4.2.6. 執行 ruby 代碼
97.4.2.7. grok debug 工具

97.4.3. output

97.4.3.1. stdout
97.4.3.2. file 寫入檔案
97.4.3.3. elasticsearch
97.4.3.4. exec 執行腳本

97.5. Example

97.5.1. Spring boot logback

97.5.2. 索引切割實例

97.5.3.1.

97.6. Beats

97.6.1. 安裝 Beta

97.6.1.1. Beats 6.x 安裝
97.6.1.2. Beats 5.x 安裝

97.6.2. Filebeat

97.7.1. 查看 Kibana 資料庫
97.7.2. logstash 無法寫入 elasticsearch
97.7.3. 標準輸出
97.7.4. 5.x 升級至 6.x 的變化

98. Logs 分析

98.1.1. logwatch
98.1.2. logcheck : Analyzes log files and sends noticeable events as email
98.1.3. nulog

98.2.1. Apache Log

98.2.1.1. 刪除日誌
98.2.1.2. 統計爬蟲
98.2.1.3. 統計瀏覽器
98.2.1.4. IP 統計
98.2.1.5. 統計域名
98.2.1.6. HTTP Status
98.2.1.7. URL 統計
98.2.1.8. 檔案流量統計
98.2.1.9. URL訪問量統計
98.2.1.10. 腳本運行速度
98.2.1.11. IP, URL 抽取

98.2.2. awstats

98.2.2.1. 語言
98.2.2.2. 輸出HTML文檔
98.2.2.3. 多站點配置
98.2.2.4. 合併日誌
98.2.2.5. Flush history file on disk (unique url reach flush limit of 5000) 優化
98.2.2.6. JAWStats

98.2.3. webalizer

98.2.3.1. 手工生成
98.2.3.2. 批量處理歷史數據
98.2.3.3. crontab

98.2.4. Sarg - Squid Analysis Report Generator

98.2.5. goaccess - Fast web log analyzer and interactive viewer.

98.3. Tomcat

98.3.1. 截取 0-3 點區間的日誌
98.3.2. 監控Redis

98.4.1. pflogsumm.pl - Produce Postfix MTA logfile summary

98.5. OpenSSH 日誌 /var/log/secure

98.5.1. 查看登陸用戶

98.6. rinetd.log

98.7. php-syslog-ng

98.8. Log Analyzer

98.9. Splunk

98.10. Octopussy

98.11. eventlog-to-syslog

98.12. Apache Flume

98.12.1. 安裝 Apache flume
98.12.2. 基本配置
98.12.3. 配置 MySQL 存儲日誌
98.12.4. 配置 HDFS 存儲日誌

98.13. graylog - Enterprise Log Management for All

99.1. Ubuntu 安裝
99.2. CentOS 安裝
99.3. 監控多個設備
99.4. 批量生成監控配置檔案
99.5. 圖片尺寸

100.1. Ubuntu

100.1.1. Installation Monitor Server

100.1.2. Installation Node

100.1.3. Additional Plugins

100.1.4. plugins

100.1.4.1. mysql
100.1.4.2. apache

100.2. CentOS

100.3. 用戶認證

100.4. munin-node and plugins

100.4.1. munin-node.conf
100.4.2. mysql plugin
100.4.3. apache plugin
100.4.4. memcached plugin

100.5. munin.conf

100.6. munin-node

100.6.1. munin-node.conf

101.1. Installation

101.1.1. Ubuntu
101.1.2. CentOS

101.2. Web UI

101.3. Plugins

101.3.1. NetFlow

102. Bandwidth

102.1. apt-get install
102.2. CentOS rpm/yum
102.3. source code
102.4. /etc/bandwidthd.conf

103. NetFlow

103.1. flow-tools - collects and processes NetFlow data

103.1.1. flow-capture
103.1.2. NetFlow into MySQL with flow-tools

103.2. netams - Network Traffic Accounting and Monitoring Software

103.2.1. netams-web

104. Ganglia

104.1. Server
104.2. Client
104.3. Plugin
104.4. Installing Ganglia on Centos

105. lvs-rrd

106. Observium

106.1. Installation

107. OpenTSDB

108. Graphite

109. Graphite - Scalable Realtime Graphing

110. BIG BROTHER

111. Big Sister

112. OpenNMS

113. Performance Co-Pilot

114. Clumon Performance Monitor

115. Zenoss

116. 商業軟件

117. Hyperic HQ

118. OSSIM,Spiceworks,FireGen,LANSweeper,OSSEC,HIDS

119. HawtIO

120. moloch

121. varnish - a state-of-the-art, high-performance HTTP accelerator

121.1. Varnish Install

121.2. varnish utility

121.2.1. status

121.2.2. varnishadm

121.2.2.1. 清除緩存

121.2.3. varnishtop

121.2.4. varnishhist

121.2.5. varnishsizes

121.3. log file

121.4. Varnish Configuration Language - VCL

121.4.1. unset / set

121.5. example

122. Apache Traffic Server

122.1. Install
122.2. Configure

123. Zipkin 分散式鏈路追蹤

VIII. Server Load Balancing

124. heartbeat

124.1. heartbeat+ldirectord

124.1.1. heartbeat
124.1.2. ldirectord
124.1.3. test

124.2. Pacemaker

125. Linux Virtual Server

125.1. 環境配置

125.2. VS/NAT

125.3. VS/TUN

125.4. VS/DR

125.4.1. 配置檔案

125.4.1.1. Director
125.4.1.2. RealServer

125.5. ipvsadm script

125.6. Timeout

125.7. debug

125.8. ipvsadm monitor

126. keepalived

126.1. 安裝
126.2. test
126.3. HAProxy and Keepalived (Virtual IP)

127. Piranha - Cluster administation tools

127.1. install

127.2. configure

127.3. real server

127.4. Example

127.4.1. Master
127.4.2. Slave
127.4.3. MySQL

128. HAProxy - fast and reliable load balancing reverse proxy

128.1. Installing

128.1.1. Ubuntu
128.1.2. CentOS

128.2. haproxy.cfg

128.2.1. stats

128.2.2. listen 方式

128.2.3. frontend/backend 方式

128.2.4. option

128.2.4.1. httpclose
128.2.4.2. forwardfor
128.2.4.3. httpchk

128.2.5. balance

128.2.6. server

128.3. Example 配置實例

128.3.1. HTTP 配置實例

128.3.1.1. 插入Cookie會話保持
128.3.1.2. HTTP URL 檢查

128.3.2. Squid

128.3.3. haproxy + mysql 配置實例

128.3.4. HTTPS SSL證書卸載配置實例

128.3.5. 使用TCP模式實現SSL穿透

128.3.6. SMTP

129. balance - Load balancing solution and generic tcp proxy

129.1. balance

129.1.1. 編譯安裝
129.1.2. Ubuntu 安裝
129.1.3. 測試安裝是否正確
129.1.4. 用法

129.2. BalanceNG

129.3. RBridge

130. Perlbal

130.1. install

131. Pacemaker

132. Example

132.1. 雙負載均衡的用法
132.2. 單台負載均衡的用法
132.3. 廣域網負載均衡的用法

133.1. Haproxy 與 Nginx

IX. Distributed Computing

134. Open Source Distributed Computing

134.1. Boinc (berkeley 分散式計算平台)

134.1.1. rc.local

134.2. ubuntu apt-get 安裝

134.3. CentOS 安裝

134.4. boinccmd

134.4.1. attach_project
134.4.2. nomorework | allowmorework 禁止下載任務 / 允許下載任務

135. High performance Computing

135.1. Distributed Computing

135.1.1. OpenMosix
135.1.2. OpenSSI

135.2. Parallel Computing

135.2.1. EnFusion
135.2.2. SCore
135.2.3. Beowulf

137. Tachyon

138. Apache ZooKeeper

138.1. 安裝配置

138.1.1. 單節點安裝
138.1.2. 多節點安裝

138.2. 管理 ZooKeeper

138.2.1. help
138.2.2. ls
138.2.3. create
138.2.4. get
138.2.5. set
138.2.6. delete

139. Message Queuing & RPC

139.1. RabbitMQ

139.1.1. 安裝 RabbitMQ

139.1.1.1. Ubuntu
139.1.1.2. CentOS
139.1.1.3. OSCM 一鍵安裝
139.1.1.4. 檢查連接埠

139.1.2. 配置 RabbitMQ

139.1.2.1. 監聽所有適配器地址

139.1.3. rabbitmqctl - command line tool for managing a RabbitMQ broker

139.1.3.1. change_password
139.1.3.2. list_users
139.1.3.3. 虛擬機管理
139.1.3.4. list_queues
139.1.3.5. list_exchanges

139.1.4. rabbitmq-plugins - command line tool for managing RabbitMQ broker plugins

139.1.4.1. rabbitmq_management

139.1.5. Python - Pika

139.1.6. Ruby amqp

139.2. ZeroMQ

139.2.1. python-zeromq

139.2.1.1. pyzmq
139.2.1.2. example

139.2.2. ruby zmq

139.3. nanomsg

139.4. Gearman

139.4.1. Getting Started with Gearman

139.4.1.1. CentOS
139.4.1.2. Ubuntu
139.4.1.3. 防火牆設置

139.4.2. gearman

139.4.3. Gearman PHP Extension

139.5. Apache Kafka is a distributed publish-subscribe messaging system

139.5.1. 安裝 Kafka

139.5.1.1. 安裝 Kafka用於開發與測試環境
139.5.1.2. 安裝 Kafka 適用於 IDC
139.5.1.3. Kafka 日誌
139.5.1.4. 檢查 Kafka 綫程

139.5.2. 測試 Kafka

139.5.3. 配置 Kafka

139.5.3.1. server.properties

139.5.3.1.1. 外網訪問

139.5.3.2. consumer.properties

139.5.3.2.1. group.id

139.5.3.3. producer.properties

139.5.4. 管理 Kafka

139.5.5. FAQ

139.5.5.1. WARN Error while fetching metadata with correlation id 1 : {test=LEADER_NOT_AVAILABLE} (org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient)
139.5.5.2. Error while executing topic command : Replication factor: 1 larger than available brokers: 0.
139.5.5.3. WARN Connection to node -1 could not be established. Broker may not be available. (org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient)

139.6. Celery

139.7. ActiveMQ

139.8. http://kr.github.io/beanstalkd/

139.9. gRPC

X. Security

140. Authentication

140.1. /etc/login.defs

140.2. PAM 插件認證

140.2.1. pam_tally2.so
140.2.2. pam_listfile.so
140.2.3. pam_access.so
140.2.4. pam_wheel.so

140.3. Network Authentication

140.3.1. Network Information Service (NIS)

140.3.1.1. 安裝NIS伺服器
140.3.1.2. Slave NIS Server
140.3.1.3. 客戶機軟件安裝
140.3.1.4. Authentication Configuration
140.3.1.5. application example
140.3.1.6. Mount /home volume from NFS

140.3.2. OpenLDAP

140.3.2.1. Server
140.3.2.2. Client
140.3.2.3. User and Group Management

140.3.3. Kerberos

140.3.3.1. Kerberos 安裝
140.3.3.2. Kerberos Server
140.3.3.3. Kerberos Client
140.3.3.4. Kerberos Management
140.3.3.5. OpenSSH Authentications

140.3.4. FreeRADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service)

140.3.4.1. 安裝 FreeRADIUS
140.3.4.2. ldap
140.3.4.3. mysql
140.3.4.4. WAP2 Enterprise

140.3.5. SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer)

140.3.6. GSSAPI (Generic Security Services Application Program Interface)

141. SELinux

141.1. getsebool - get SELinux boolean value

141.1.1. HTTP 相關配置

141.2. sestatus - SELinux status tool

141.3. setsebool - set SELinux boolean value

141.4. chcon - change file SELinux security context

141.5. rsync

141.6. 查找被SELINUX禁用服務

141.6.1. Nginx

142. Sniffer

142.1. nmap - Network exploration tool and security / port scanner

142.1.1. 連接埠掃瞄

142.1.2. HOST DISCOVERY

142.1.2.1. -sP: Ping Scan - go no further than determining if host is online

142.1.3. SCAN TECHNIQUES

142.1.3.1. -sU: UDP Scan 掃瞄
142.1.3.2. -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan

142.1.4. PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER

142.1.4.1. -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports

142.1.5. SCRIPT SCAN

142.1.5.1. ftp-anon
142.1.5.2. mysql-info
142.1.5.3. http
142.1.5.4. snmp
142.1.5.5. SSHv1
142.1.5.6. --script-updatedb 更新腳本

142.1.6. OS DETECTION

142.1.6.1. -O: Enable OS detection 操作系統探測

142.1.7. OUTPUT

142.1.7.1. --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports 操作系統探測

142.1.8. 排除指定的主機

142.1.9. 查看本地路由與介面

142.1.10. MISC

142.1.10.1. -6: Enable IPv6 scanning
142.1.10.2. -A: Enables OS detection and Version detection, Script scanning and Traceroute

142.1.11. Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE)

142.2. tcpdump - A powerful tool for network monitoring and data acquisition

142.2.1. 監控網絡適配器介面

142.2.2. 監控主機

142.2.3. 監控TCP連接埠

142.2.4. 監控協議

142.2.5. 輸出到檔案

142.2.6. src / dst

142.2.7. 保存結果

142.2.8. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)

142.2.9. Flags

142.2.10. 案例

142.2.10.1. 監控80連接埠與icmp,arp
142.2.10.2. monitor mysql tcp package
142.2.10.3. HTTP 包
142.2.10.4. 顯示SYN、FIN和ACK-only包
142.2.10.5. 嗅探 Oracle 錯誤
142.2.10.6. smtp

142.3. cdpr - Cisco Discovery Protocol Reporter

142.4. ncat - Concatenate and redirect sockets

142.4.1. TCP 數據傳輸
142.4.2. UDP 數據傳輸
142.4.3. 始終保持伺服器開啟
142.4.4. 傳輸視頻流

142.5. ngrep - Network layer grep tool

142.5.1. 匹配關鍵字
142.5.2. 指定網絡介面

142.6. Unicornscan，Zenmap，nast

142.7. netstat-nat - Show the natted connections on a linux iptable firewall

142.8. Tcpreplay

142.9. Wireshark

143. sqlmap - automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool

143.1. Installation

143.2. 開始入住實驗

143.2.1. 測試腳本
143.2.2. sqlmap.ini

143.3. Request參數

143.3.1. --method, --data

143.3.2. --cookie

143.3.3. --referer

143.3.4. --user-agent

143.3.4.1. -a

143.3.5. --headers

143.3.6. --referer

143.3.7. auth

143.3.7.1. --auth-type
143.3.7.2. --auth-cred

143.3.8. --proxy

143.3.9. --threads

143.3.10. --delay

143.3.11. --timeout

143.4. Injection

143.4.1. --dbms
143.4.2. --prefix
143.4.3. --postfix
143.4.4. --string
143.4.5. --regexp
143.4.6. --excl-str
143.4.7. --excl-reg

143.5. Techniques

143.5.1. --stacked-test
143.5.2. --time-test
143.5.3. --union-test
143.5.4. --union-tech
143.5.5. --union-use

143.6. Enumeration

143.6.1. dbs
143.6.2. --count
143.6.3. --dump/--dump-all
143.6.4. --sql-query
143.6.5. --sql-shell

143.7. Miscellaneous

143.7.1. --update
143.7.2. --save

144. Vulnerability Scanner

144.1. Nessus
144.2. OpenVAS

145. Injection & Penetration

145.1. Backtrack Linux

146. Lynis Linux 安全性掃瞄工具

146.1. 安裝

146.1.1.

146.2. 開始審計

147. Suricata Engine

149. fwknop

150. fwsnort

151. nftables

XI. Configuration Management(配置管理)

153. Ansible - SSH-based configuration management, deployment, and task execution system

153.1. install

153.2. Getting Started

153.3. ansible - run a command somewhere else

153.3.1. host-pattern
153.3.2. -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS module arguments
153.3.3. -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY specify inventory host file (default=/etc/ansible/hosts)
153.3.4. -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME module name to execute (default=command)
153.3.5. -s, --sudo run operations with sudo (nopasswd)
153.3.6. -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER connect as this user (default=root)
153.3.7. 使用實例

153.4. ansible-doc - Show Ansible module documentation

153.5. ansible-playbook - run an ansible playbook

153.5.1. 包含檔案用法

154. Capistrano

155. Puppet

155.1. Installing Puppet CentOS 6.3

155.2. Puppet 簽名

155.2.1. Agent 節點
155.2.2. Master 伺服器

155.3. test

155.3.1. Master
155.3.2. Agent

155.4. 配置檔案

155.4.1. /etc/sysconfig/puppet
155.4.2. /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf

155.5. manifests

155.5.1. node

155.5.2. group, user 用戶組管理

155.5.2.1. group
155.5.2.2. user

155.5.3. file

155.5.3.1. ensure
155.5.3.2. source
155.5.3.3. owner, group, mode

155.5.4. package

155.5.5. service

155.5.6. exec

155.5.7. cron

155.6. modules

155.7. firewall 配置

155.8. debug

155.8.1. master
155.8.2. node

155.9.1. err: Could not request certificate: No route to host - connect(2)
155.9.2. No help available unless you have RDoc::usage installed

156. SaltStack

156.1. 安裝 Salt Stack

156.1.1. 服務端安裝
156.1.2. 客戶端安裝
156.1.3. 防火牆配置
156.1.4. key 管理
156.1.5. 測試
156.1.6. Demo

156.2. salt-key - Salt key is used to manage Salt authentication keys

156.3. salt 命令

156.3.1. cmd

156.3.1.1. cmd.run
156.3.1.2. cmd.script

156.3.2. pkg.install

156.3.3. network.interfaces

156.3.4. salt example

156.4. /etc/salt/master

156.4.1. File Server settings
156.4.2. Pillar settings
156.4.3. Node Groups
156.4.4. File Server Backend

156.5. sls 腳本

156.5.1. pkg
156.5.2. service

156.6.1. Git fileserver backend is enabled in configuration but could not be loaded, is git-python installed

157.1. 安裝 Chef

157.1.1. CentOS

158. Cobbler

159. Cfengine

161. (R)?ex Deployment & Configuration Management

162. 基于Web的系統管理軟件

162.1. Webmin

162.1.1. webalizer

162.2. ajenti

XII. Virtualization

163. Docker

163.1. Installation

163.1.1. CentOS 8

163.1.1.1. docker-compose

163.1.2. CentOS 6

163.1.3. CentOS 7 docker-ce

163.1.4. Ubuntu

163.1.5. Ubuntu docker-ce

163.1.6. 測試 Docker

163.1.7. 重置 Docker

163.2. 配置 Docker

163.2.1. 開啟遠程訪問

163.2.2. 鏡像配置

163.2.2.1. 臨時選擇鏡像
163.2.2.2. 切換國內鏡像

163.2.3. ulimit 資源

163.3. 鏡像

163.3.1. 搜索鏡像

163.3.2. 獲取鏡像

163.3.3. 列出本地鏡像

163.3.4. tag

163.3.5. 保存和載入鏡像

163.3.6. 刪除本地鏡像

163.3.7. history 鏡像歷史紀錄

163.3.8. 基于 Dockerfile 創建鏡像

163.3.8.1. 創建 Dockerfile 檔案
163.3.8.2. 創建鏡像
163.3.8.3. 運行鏡像
163.3.8.4. 測試 Nginx
163.3.8.5. 提交鏡像
163.3.8.6. Dockerfile 語法

163.4. 容器

163.4.1. 查看容器

163.4.2. 啟動與終止容器

163.4.3. 進入容器

163.4.4. 導出和導入容器

163.4.4.1. Ubuntu
163.4.4.2. Mac 導出與導入

163.4.5. 停止所有容器

163.4.6. 刪除容器

163.4.7. log-driver

163.4.8. 操作系統

163.4.8.1. 設置環境變數
163.4.8.2. /etc/hosts 配置
163.4.8.3. sysctl
163.4.8.4. ulimits

163.4.9. 查看容器內運行的進程

163.4.10. 更新容器資源配置

163.4.11. 查看容器的退出狀態

163.4.12. 暫停與恢復容器

163.4.13. 對比容器的變化

163.4.14. 查看容器狀態

163.5. 卷管理

163.5.1. 列出卷
163.5.2. 創建卷
163.5.3. 掛在鏡像
163.5.4. 檢查卷
163.5.5. 刪除卷
163.5.6. 銷毀所有未使用的卷
163.5.7. 在多個容器間共享卷
163.5.8. 容器綁定本地檔案系統
163.5.9. 只讀權限

163.6. 倉庫

163.6.1. Docker 官方倉庫

163.6.1.1. 登陸倉庫
163.6.1.2. 獲取鏡像
163.6.1.3. 上傳鏡像

163.6.2. 私有倉庫

163.6.2.1. 搭建私有倉庫
163.6.2.2. 推送鏡像到私有倉庫
163.6.2.3. 查詢鏡像
163.6.2.4. registry 鏡像高級配置
163.6.2.5. registry 介面

163.6.3. Harbor

163.7. Swarms

163.7.1. 管理 Swarms

163.7.1.1. 查看 Swarms 版本
163.7.1.2. 初始化 Swarms
163.7.1.3. 顯示 join-token
163.7.1.4. 創建虛擬機
163.7.1.5. 顯示虛擬機列表
163.7.1.6. 設置管理節點
163.7.1.7. 環境變數
163.7.1.8. 切換節點
163.7.1.9. 啟動/停止節點
163.7.1.10. 離線

163.7.2. Stack

163.7.3. 服務

163.7.3.1. 創建 Service
163.7.3.2. 刪除 Service
163.7.3.3. inspect

163.7.4. Docker 網絡

163.7.4.1. 創建 overlay 網絡

163.7.5. swarm 卷管理

163.7.5.1. Host Volumes
163.7.5.2. Named Volumes
163.7.5.3. 共享卷

163.8. docker 命令

163.8.1. docker - A self-sufficient runtime for containers

163.8.1.1. 查看 docker 信息
163.8.1.2. run
163.8.1.3. start / stop / restart
163.8.1.4. ps
163.8.1.5. top
163.8.1.6. inspect
163.8.1.7. images
163.8.1.8. logs
163.8.1.9. 重置 Docker
163.8.1.10. 倉庫操作
163.8.1.11. build
163.8.1.12. 網絡管理
163.8.1.13. 事件信息

163.8.2. docker-compose - Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.

163.8.2.1. 安裝 docker-compose
163.8.2.2. 快速入門
163.8.2.3. 啟動/停止
163.8.2.4. 查看進程
163.8.2.5. 查看日誌
163.8.2.6. 執行命令
163.8.2.7. docker-compose.yml

163.9. Docker Example

163.9.1. registry

163.9.1.1. Auth + SSL

163.9.2. Example Java - Spring boot with Docker

163.9.2.1. 獲取 CentOS 7 鏡像
163.9.2.2. 安裝 openjdk
163.9.2.3. Spring boot 包
163.9.2.4. 啟動 Spring boot 項目
163.9.2.5. 基于 CentOS 7 製作 spring 鏡像

163.9.3. Redis

163.9.3.1. Docker 命令
163.9.3.2. Docker compose
163.9.3.3. Docker Stack

163.9.4. Nginx

163.9.4.1. nginx:latest
163.9.4.2. 安裝 Docker Nginx alpine

163.10. Docker FAQ

163.10.1. 檢查 Docker 是否可用
163.10.2. Bitnami
163.10.3. 刪除 <none> 鏡像

164. Kubernetes

164.1. Minikube

164.1.1. CentOS 8 安裝 minikube

164.1.1.1. CentOS
164.1.1.2. Mac OS

164.1.2. Quickstart

164.1.3. minikube 命令

164.1.3.1. 啟動 minikube
164.1.3.2. 停止 minikube
164.1.3.3. Docker 環境變數
164.1.3.4. SSH
164.1.3.5. 緩存鏡像
164.1.3.6. 清理 minikube
164.1.3.7. Kubernetes 控製麵板
164.1.3.8. service
164.1.3.9. 查看日誌
164.1.3.10. 查看 Docker 環境變數
164.1.3.11. profile
164.1.3.12. addons
164.1.3.13. SSH
164.1.3.14. 查看IP地址
164.1.3.15. addons

164.1.4. FAQ

164.1.4.1. This computer doesn't have VT-X/AMD-v enabled. Enabling it in the BIOS is mandatory
164.1.4.2. ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables
164.1.4.3. ERROR ImagePull
164.1.4.4. 證書已存在錯誤
164.1.4.5. http: server gave HTTP response to HTTPS client
164.1.4.6. provided port is not in the valid range. The range of valid ports is 30000-32767
164.1.4.7. Exiting due to MK_ENABLE: run callbacks: running callbacks: [verifying registry addon pods : timed out waiting for the condition: timed out waiting for the condition]

164.2. microk8s

164.2.1. 安裝 microk8s

164.2.2. kubectl

164.2.3. Kubernetes Addons

164.2.3.1. dashboard

164.3. kubectl - controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

164.3.1. 如何從 docker 過渡到 kubectl 命令

164.3.2. 查看信息

164.3.2.1. api-versions
164.3.2.2. 節點
164.3.2.3. 查詢集群狀態
164.3.2.4. config
164.3.2.5. cluster-info

164.3.3. namespace 命名空間

164.3.4. label 標籤

164.3.5. pods

164.3.5.1. 查看所有POD
164.3.5.2. 運行 POD
164.3.5.3. pod
164.3.5.4. 刪除 pod
164.3.5.5. 查看 Pod 的事件
164.3.5.6. Taint（污點）和 Toleration（容忍）

164.3.6. expose

164.3.7. 服務管理

164.3.7.1. 列出服務
164.3.7.2. 查看服務詳細信息
164.3.7.3. 更新服務
164.3.7.4. 刪除服務
164.3.7.5. clusterip
164.3.7.6. externalname
164.3.7.7. loadbalancer
164.3.7.8. nodeport
164.3.7.9. serviceaccount

164.3.8. 部署管理

164.3.8.1.
164.3.8.2. 刪除 deployment

164.3.9. 資源管理

164.3.10. 查看 pod 日誌

164.3.11. 執行 Shell

164.3.12. edit

164.3.13. rollout

164.3.14. port-forward 連接埠映射

164.3.15. secret 密鑰管理

164.3.15.1.
164.3.15.2. Private Registry 用戶認證
164.3.15.3. 配置TLS SSL

164.3.16. ConfigMap

164.3.16.1. 創建 Key-Value 配置項
164.3.16.2. 從檔案創建 ConfigMap
164.3.16.3.
164.3.16.4. 查看 ConfigMap
164.3.16.5. 刪除 ConfigMap

164.3.17. Job/CronJob

164.3.17.1. CronJob

164.3.18. explain

164.3.18.1. ingress

164.3.19. 操作系統

164.3.19.1. sysctls

164.4. Rancher - Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Management

164.4.1. 安裝

164.4.1.1. Ubuntu
164.4.1.2. SSL 證書
164.4.1.3. 進入容器
164.4.1.4. Rancher CLI
164.4.1.5. rancher-compose

164.4.2. 快速入門

164.4.2.1. API

164.4.3. Rancher CLI

164.4.3.1. 登陸 Rancher
164.4.3.2. 查看集群
164.4.3.3. 查看節點
164.4.3.4. catalog
164.4.3.5. 查看設置

164.4.4. Rancher Compose

164.4.4.1. Rancher Compose 命令
164.4.4.2. 操作演示

164.4.5. Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE)

164.4.6. Rancher CLI

164.4.7. 調試

164.4.8. FAQ

164.4.8.1. [network] Host [rancher.netkiller.cn] is not able to connect to the following ports: [rancher.netkiller.cn:2379]. Please check network policies and firewall rules

164.5. Helm - The package manager for Kubernetes

164.5.1. 安裝 Helm

164.5.1.1. Ubuntu
164.5.1.2. Mac

164.5.2. 快速開始

164.5.3. Helm 命令

164.5.3.1. 初始化 Helm
164.5.3.2. 查看倉庫列表
164.5.3.3. 搜索
164.5.3.4. 查看包信息
164.5.3.5. 安裝
164.5.3.6. 列表
164.5.3.7. 刪除
164.5.3.8. 升級
164.5.3.9. 回滾
164.5.3.10. 查看狀態

164.5.4. elastic

164.5.5. Helm Faq

164.6. kubectl example

164.6.1. 私有 registry
164.6.2. mongodb
164.6.3. tomcat

164.7. Kubectl YAML

164.7.1. ServiceAccount

164.7.1.1.

164.7.2. 創建命名空間

164.7.3. Pod

164.7.3.1. 指定主機名
164.7.3.2.
164.7.3.3. 健康狀態檢查
164.7.3.4. securityContext
164.7.3.5. Taint（污點）和 Toleration（容忍）

164.7.4. Service

164.7.4.1. 創建服務
164.7.4.2. 查看服務
164.7.4.3. 設置外部IP
164.7.4.4. 綁定外部域名
164.7.4.5.
164.7.4.6. nodePort
164.7.4.7. LoadBalancer
164.7.4.8. Example

164.7.5. ConfigMap

164.7.5.1. Key-Value 配置
164.7.5.2. 環境變數
164.7.5.3. 配置檔案

164.7.6. Volume

164.7.6.1. local

164.7.7. Job

164.7.7.1. 執行單詞任務
164.7.7.2. 計劃任務

164.7.8. Ingress

164.7.8.1. 連接埠
164.7.8.2. URI 規則
164.7.8.3. vhost 虛擬主機
164.7.8.4. rewrite
164.7.8.5. annotations 配置
164.7.8.6. 金絲雀發佈（灰度發佈）
164.7.8.7. 管理 Ingress

164.8. istio

164.8.1. 啟動 istio
164.8.2. 禁用 istio

164.9. Kubeapps

165. Virtual Machine(虛擬機)

165.1. Kernel-based Virtual Machine(KVM)

165.1.1. kvm install usage yum

165.1.1.1. brctl / tunctl
165.1.1.2. virt-install

165.1.2. Ubuntu

165.1.3. CentOS 6.2

165.1.4. Scientific Linux Virtualization

165.1.5. libvirt

165.1.5.1. virsh
165.1.5.2. Virtual Machine Manager

165.1.6. FAQ

165.1.6.1. No hypervisor options were found for this connection
165.1.6.2. 如何判斷當前伺服器是實體機還是虛擬機

165.2.1. install
165.2.2. Manager

165.3. OpenVZ

165.3.1. 安裝OpenVZ

165.3.2. 使用OpenVZ & 建立VPS

165.3.2.1. 安裝操作系統模板
165.3.2.2. 創建OpenVZ操作系統節點（VPS）

165.3.3. 設置VPS參數

165.4. vagrant - Tool for building and distributing virtualized development environments

165.4.1. vagrant for windows

165.5. 虛擬機管理

165.5.1. Proxmox - Open-source virtualization management platform Proxmox VE
165.5.2. OpenStack
165.5.3. CloudStack
165.5.4. OpenNode
165.5.5. OpenNEbula

XIII. 軟件項目管理工具

166.1. Ubuntu 安裝

166.1.1. source code
166.1.2. easy_install
166.1.3. Apache httpd

166.2. CentOS 安裝

166.2.1. trac.ini

166.2.2. standalone

166.2.3. Using Authentication

166.2.4. trac-admin

166.2.4.1. Permissions
166.2.4.2. Resync

166.3. Project Environment

166.3.1. Sqlite

166.3.2. MySQL

166.3.3. Plugin

166.3.3.1. AccountManagerPlugin
166.3.3.2. Subtickets

166.4. trac.ini

166.4.1. repository
166.4.2. attachment 附件配置

166.5. trac-admin

166.5.1. adduser script

166.6.1. TracError: Cannot load Python bindings for MySQL

166.7. Apache Bloodhound

167. Gitlab 項目管理

167.1. GitLab

167.1.1. Yum 安裝 GitLab

167.1.2. Docker 方式安裝 Gitlab

167.1.3. GitLab Runner

167.1.4. 用戶管理

167.1.5. 組管理

167.1.6. 項目管理

167.1.7. 綁定SSL證書

167.1.8. FAQ

167.1.8.1. gitolite 向 gitlab 遷移
167.1.8.2. 修改主機名

167.2. 創建用戶

167.3. 創建組與項目

167.4. 分支管理

167.5. Issue

167.5.1. Milestones 里程碑
167.5.2. Labels 標籤

167.6. 代碼審查

167.7. 合併

167.8. WebHook

167.9. CI / CD

167.9.1. GitLab Runner

167.9.1.1. Install GitLab Runner
167.9.1.2. Registering Runners
167.9.1.3. /etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml

167.9.2. 配置 CI / CD

167.9.3. Pipeline

167.9.3.1. cache
167.9.3.2. before_script
167.9.3.3. stages
167.9.3.4. services

167.9.4. Java

167.9.5. vue.js android

168. Redmine

168.1. CentOS 安裝

168.2. Redmine 運行

168.3. 插件

168.3.1. workflow

170. Open Source Requirements Management Tool

171. Jenkins

171.1. 安裝 Jenkins

171.1.1. OSCM 一鍵安裝
171.1.2. Mac
171.1.3. CentOS
171.1.4. Ubuntu
171.1.5. Docker
171.1.6. Minikube

171.2. 配置 Jenkins

171.3. Jenkinsfile

171.3.1. Jenkinsfile - Declarative Pipeline

171.3.1.1. stages
171.3.1.2. script
171.3.1.3. junit
171.3.1.4. withEnv
171.3.1.5. parameters
171.3.1.6. options
171.3.1.7. triggers
171.3.1.8. tools
171.3.1.9. post
171.3.1.10. when 條件判斷
171.3.1.11. 拋出錯誤
171.3.1.12. withCredentials
171.3.1.13. withMaven
171.3.1.14. isUnix() 判斷操作系統類型
171.3.1.15. Jenkins pipeline 中使用 sshpass 實現 scp, ssh 遠程運行

171.3.2. Jenkinsfile - Scripted Pipeline

171.3.2.1. git
171.3.2.2. 切換 JDK 版本
171.3.2.3. groovy
171.3.2.4. Groovy code
171.3.2.5. Ansi Color
171.3.2.6. 寫檔案操作
171.3.2.7. modules 實現模組
171.3.2.8. docker
171.3.2.9. input
171.3.2.10. if 條件判斷
171.3.2.11. Docker
171.3.2.12. conditionalSteps
171.3.2.13. nexus

171.3.3. 設置環境變數

171.3.3.1. 系統環境變數

171.3.4. agent

171.3.4.1. label
171.3.4.2. docker
171.3.4.3. Dockerfile

171.3.5. Steps

171.3.5.1. parallel 平行執行
171.3.5.2. echo
171.3.5.3. catchError 捕獲錯誤
171.3.5.4. 睡眠
171.3.5.5. 限制執行時間
171.3.5.6. 時間截

171.3.6. 版本控制

171.3.6.1. checkout
171.3.6.2. Git

171.3.7. 節點與過程

171.3.7.1. sh
171.3.7.2. Windows 批處理腳本
171.3.7.3. 分配工作空間
171.3.7.4. node

171.3.8. 工作區

171.3.8.1. 變更目錄
171.3.8.2. 判斷檔案是否存在
171.3.8.3. 分配工作區
171.3.8.4. 清理工作區
171.3.8.5. 遞歸刪除目錄
171.3.8.6. 寫檔案
171.3.8.7. 讀檔案

171.4. Jenkins Job DSL / Plugin

171.5. Jenkins Plugin

171.5.1. Blue Ocean

171.5.2. Locale Plugin (國際化插件)

171.5.3. github-plugin 插件

171.5.4. Docker

171.5.4.1. 設置 Docker 主機和代理
171.5.4.2. 持久化

171.5.5. JaCoCo

171.5.5.1. Pipeline

171.5.6. SSH Pipeline Steps

171.5.7. Rancher

171.5.8. Kubernetes 插件

171.5.8.1. Kubernetes
171.5.8.2. Kubernetes :: Pipeline :: Kubernetes Steps
171.5.8.3. Kubernetes Continuous Deploy
171.5.8.4. Kubernetes Cli

171.5.9. HTTP Request Plugin

171.5.10. Skip Certificate Check plugin

171.5.11. Android Sign Plugin

171.6. Jenkinsfile Pipeline Example

171.6.1. Maven 子模組範例
171.6.2. 使用指定鏡像構建
171.6.3. 命令行製作 Docker 鏡像
171.6.4. Yarn
171.6.5. Android

172. SonarQube

173. Phabricator - an open source, software engineering platform

174. Gerrit

175. TeamCity

XIV. 軟件版本控制

176. Git - Fast Version Control System

176.1. Repositories 倉庫管理

176.1.1. initial setup

176.1.2. checkout

176.1.3. Creating and Commiting

176.1.4. Manager remote

176.1.5. Status

176.1.6. Diff

176.1.6.1. --name-only 僅顯示檔案名

176.1.7. Cloning

176.1.8. Push

176.1.9. Pull

176.1.10. fetch

176.1.11. Creating a Patch

176.1.12. reset

176.2. Manipulating branches

176.2.1. list branches
176.2.2. create branches
176.2.3. delete branches
176.2.4. switch branch
176.2.5. git-show-branch - Show branches and their commits

176.3. Sharing Repositories with others

176.3.1. Setting up a git server
176.3.2. 修改 origin
176.3.3. 刪除 origin

176.4. Submodule 子模組

176.4.1. 添加模組
176.4.2. checkout 子模組
176.4.3. 刪除子模組

176.5. Git Large File Storage

176.5.1. 安裝 LFS 支持
176.5.2. LFS lock

176.6. command

176.6.1. hash-object

176.6.2. git-add - Add file contents to the index

176.6.3. git-status - Show the working tree status

176.6.4. git-commit - Record changes to the repository

176.6.5. git-show - Show various types of objects

176.6.6. git-checkout - Checkout and switch to a branch

176.6.6.1. checkout master
176.6.6.2. checkout branch

176.6.7. git config

176.6.8. git log

176.7. git-daemon 伺服器

176.7.1. git-daemon - A really simple server for git repositories
176.7.2. git-daemon-sysvinit
176.7.3. inet.conf / xinetd 方式啟動
176.7.4. git-daemon-run
176.7.5. Testing

176.8. git config

176.8.1. core.sshCommand
176.8.2. fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
176.8.3. 忽略 SSL 檢查

176.9. git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git

176.10. .gitignore

176.11. .gitattributes

176.11.1. SVN Keywords

176.12. gitolite - SSH-based gatekeeper for git repositories

176.12.1. gitolite-admin

176.12.1.1. gitolite.conf

176.13. Web Tools

176.13.1. viewgit

176.14. FAQ

176.14.1. 導出最後一次修改過的檔案
176.14.2. 導出指定版本區間修改過的檔案
176.14.3. 回撤提交
176.14.4. 每個項目一個證書

177. Subversion

177.1. Invoking the Server

177.1.1. Installing

177.1.1.1. Ubuntu
177.1.1.2. CentOS 5
177.1.1.3. CentOS 6

177.1.2. standalone “daemon” process

177.1.2.1. starting subversion for debian/ubuntu
177.1.2.2. starting subversion daemon script for CentOS/Radhat

177.1.3. classic Unix-like inetd daemon

177.1.4. hooks

177.1.4.1. post-commit

177.1.5. WebDav

177.1.5.1. davfs2 - mount a WebDAV resource as a regular file system

177.2. repository 管理

177.2.1. create repository
177.2.2. user admin
177.2.3. authz
177.2.4. dump

177.3. 使用Subversion

177.3.1. Initialized empty subversion repository for project
177.3.2. ignore
177.3.3. 關鍵字替換
177.3.4. lock 加鎖/ unlock 解鎖
177.3.5. import
177.3.6. export 指定版本
177.3.7. 修訂版本關鍵字
177.3.8. 恢復舊版本

177.4. branch

177.4.1. create
177.4.2. remove
177.4.3. switch
177.4.4. merge
177.4.5. relocate

177.5.1. 遞歸添加檔案
177.5.2. 清除項目裡的所有.svn目錄
177.5.3. color diff
177.5.4. cvs2svn
177.5.5. Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 2004 + WebDAV +Subversion
177.5.6. 指定用戶名與密碼

178. cvs - Concurrent Versions System

178.1. installation

178.1.1. chroot

178.2. cvs login | logout

178.3. cvs import

178.4. cvs checkout

178.5. cvs update

178.6. cvs add

178.7. cvs status

178.8. cvs commit

178.9. cvs remove

178.10. cvs log

178.11. cvs annotate

178.12. cvs diff

178.13. rename file

178.14. revision

178.15. cvs export

178.16. cvs release

178.17. branch

178.17.1. milestone
178.17.2. patch branch

178.18. keywords

179. 其他命令

XV. 圖形工具（Graphics）

180. Gnuplot

180.1. 安裝 Gnuplot

180.1.1. CentOS 環境
180.1.2. Ubuntu 環境
180.1.3. 測試 Gnuplot 是否可用

180.2. terminal

180.3. output

180.4. title/xlabel/ylabel

180.5. xrange/yrange

180.5.1. 時間軸範圍
180.5.2. 日期軸範圍

180.6. xdata

180.6.1. Date/Time

180.7. plot

180.7.1. using

180.8. PHPlot

180.9.1. Could not find/open font when opening font "arial", using internal non-scalable font
180.9.2. 變數傳遞

181. Graphviz - Graph Visualization Software

181.1. Installation

181.1.1. Apt-get
181.1.2. Yum

181.2. The DOT Language

181.2.1. dot

181.2.1.1. 佈局

181.2.2. twopi

181.2.3. gprof

181.3. Node, Edge and Graph Attributes

181.3.1. Color Names
181.3.2. Node Shapes
181.3.3. 箭頭

181.4. Example

181.4.1. E-R
181.4.2. Network
181.4.3. workflow

182. RRDTool

182.1. install

182.2. rrdtool demo example

182.3. title

182.4. start / end

182.5. height / width

182.6. upper-limit / lower-limit

182.7. vertical-label

182.8. Data Source

182.9. Round Robin Archives

182.10. AREA, LINE and STACK

182.10.1. LINE
182.10.2. AREA
182.10.3. STACK
182.10.4. GPRINT

182.11. Example

182.11.1. Memory
182.11.2. example 1
182.11.3. example 1

183. OpenBR

184. OCR - Optical Character Recognition

184.1. Tesseract
184.2. cuneiform - multi-language OCR system

185. Open-Source tool in Java to draw UML Diagram

186. Asymptote: The Vector Graphics Language

186.1. UML

187. MetaPost

188. OpenStreetMap

188.1. OpenLayers
188.2. Leaflet

189. Baidu Map

189.1. BMap.Circle

XVI. 多媒體信息處理（Multimedia）

190.1. ardour

190.2. LMMS

190.3. Qsynth

190.4. Rosegarden

190.5. TerminatorX

190.6. Pulseaudio

190.7. Synthesizer

190.7.1. ZynAddSubFX

190.8. Drums

190.8.1. Hydrogen

191.1. OpenShot
191.2. cinelerra-cv
191.3. FFmpeg

192. 圖像處理（Graphics）

192.1. GraphicsMagick

192.1.1. 安裝

192.1.1.1. CentOS 安裝
192.1.1.2. 編譯安裝
192.1.1.3. Mac

192.1.2. 識別圖像信息

192.1.3. mogrify

192.1.4. convert

192.1.4.1. 格式轉換
192.1.4.2. 修改圖片尺寸
192.1.4.3. 修改圖像質量
192.1.4.4. density
192.1.4.5. GIF 幀抽取
192.1.4.6. 創建gif圖像

192.1.5. montage

192.1.6. 截屏

192.1.7. 顯示圖像

192.2. ImageMagick

192.2.1. install

192.2.2. convert

192.2.2.1. 批量轉換
192.2.2.2. resize
192.2.2.3. 圖像質量調整
192.2.2.4. PDF to PNG

192.3. Photivo

192.4. How to add metadata to digital pictures from the command line

193. Music score

193.1. LilyPond

193.1.1. Example

193.1.1.1. PNG/PDF/PS
193.1.1.2. Latex

193.2. MuseScore

194. Stream

194.1. broadcast streaming

194.1.1. gnump3d - A streaming server for MP3 and OGG files

194.1.2. icecast2 - Ogg Vorbis and MP3 streaming media server

194.1.2.1.
194.1.2.2. installation from source

194.1.3. shoutcast

194.1.4. PeerCast

194.2. WebRTC

196. 其他命令

XVII. Voice over IP

197. Gnu Gatekeeper

197.1. Gnu Gatekeeper Install

197.2. Gnu Gatekeeper Configure

197.3. Gnu Gatekeeper Test

197.3.1. Part I - Microsoft Windows NetMeeting
197.3.2. Part II - ohphone

198. OpenSIPS

198.1. 安裝 OpenSIPS

198.1.1. centos 6.5 預設安裝
198.1.2. 使用 yum.opensips.org 源安裝
198.1.3. 編譯安裝

198.2. 資料庫部署

198.2.1. DBTEXT
198.2.2. MySQL
198.2.3. PGSQL
198.2.4. Berkeley DB

198.3. 測試 opensips

199.1. Asterisk (OpenSource Linux PBX that supports both SIP and H.323)
199.2. FreeSWITCH
199.3. Yate - Yet Another Telephony Engine (includes SIP to H.323 translation)

200. VOCAL (includes a SIP to H.323 translator)

201. SIP/H.323 客戶端

201.1. linphone
201.2. Yate Client

XVIII. 數字證書，編碼與解碼

202. UUID (Universally Unique Identifier)

202.1. GUID
202.2. Subversion
202.3. PHP UUID
202.4. JAVA UUID
202.5. PERL UUID
202.6. Python UUID
202.7. MySQL uuid()
202.8. linux command uuid

203. Encode & Decode

203.1. MIME (BASE64) 專題

203.1.1. Linux Command base64

203.1.2. PHP Base64

203.1.2.1. base64_encode
203.1.2.2. base64_decode

203.1.3. Python Base64

203.1.4. perl base64

203.1.5. Java Base64

203.1.5.1. Java 7
203.1.5.2. Java 8

203.1.6. C/C++ Base64

203.2. Uuencode

203.2.1. PHP uuencode

203.3. Quoted-Printable

203.3.1. C Quoted-Printable
203.3.2. Java Quoted-Printable
203.3.3. Python Quoted-Printable

203.4. Base58

203.4.1. php
203.4.2. Java Base58

204. Message Digest (數字摘要)

204.1. MD5專題

204.1.1. md5sum

204.1.2. PHP md5()

204.1.3. MySQL md5()

204.1.4. Java MD5

204.1.4.1. JDK 1.2
204.1.4.2. JDK 1.5
204.1.4.3. JDK 1.8

204.1.5. perl md5

204.2. SHA 專題

204.2.1. sha1sum

204.2.2. PHP sha1()

204.2.3. Java SHA

204.2.3.1. SHA
204.2.3.2. SHA-256

204.2.4. Perl

204.3. CRC32

204.3.1. PHP CRC32
204.3.2. Java CRC32

204.4. 第三方工具

204.4.1. htpasswd

204.4.1.1. CRYPT
204.4.1.2. MD5
204.4.1.3. SHA

204.4.2. htdigest

204.4.3. md5sum

204.4.4. sha1sum

205. DES crypt() 專題

205.1. C crypt()

205.2. PHP crypt()

205.3. perl crypt

205.4. mysql crypt

205.5. Java crypt

205.5.1. Java 8 DES

205.6. grub-md5-crypt - Encrypt a password in MD5 format.

206.1. Java

206.1.1. AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding
206.1.2. AES/CBC/PKCS5PADDING

206.2.1. AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding

206.2.1.1.

207. OpenPGP/OpenGPG(GnuPG)

207.1. GnuPG

207.1.1. Creating a key (創建key)

207.1.2. --list-keys 列出已存在的證書

207.1.3. Exporting keys (導出key)

207.1.3.1. --export export keys
207.1.3.2. -o, --output use as output file

207.1.4. Importing keys (導入key)

207.1.5. Revoke a key (吊銷key)

207.2. GnuPG For Windows

207.2.1. 生成密鑰對
207.2.2. 列出密鑰
207.2.3. 驗證簽字

207.3. EMail-Security

207.4. Smart Card

207.5. 例子

207.5.1. 加密檔案

208. OpenSSL

208.1. openssl 命令參數

208.1.1. version

208.1.2. 測試加密算法的速度

208.1.3. req

208.1.4. x509

208.1.5. ca

208.1.6. crl

208.1.7. pkcs12

208.1.8. passwd

208.1.9. digest

208.1.9.1. list-message-digest-commands
208.1.9.2. md5
208.1.9.3. sha1

208.1.10. enc

208.1.10.1. list-cipher-commands
208.1.10.2. base64
208.1.10.3. des
208.1.10.4. aes

208.1.11. rsa

208.1.12. dsa

208.1.13. rc4

208.1.14. -config 指定配置檔案

208.1.15. -subj 指定參數

208.1.16. rand

208.1.17. 去除私鑰的密碼

208.2. web 伺服器 ssl 證書

208.2.1. Nginx

208.2.1.1. Nginx + Tomcat (HTTP2)

208.3. s_server / s_client

208.3.1. SSL POP3 / SMTP / IMAP

208.3.2. server / client 檔案傳輸

208.3.3. HTTP SSL 證書

208.3.3.1. 證書鏈
208.3.3.2. 顯示證書
208.3.3.3. 指定 servername

208.4. smime

208.5. Outlook smime x509 證書

208.5.1. 快速創建自簽名證書

208.5.2. 企業或集團方案

208.5.2.1. 證書環境
208.5.2.2. 頒發CA證書
208.5.2.3. 頒發客戶證書
208.5.2.4. 吊銷已簽發的證書

208.6. 證書轉換

208.6.1. CA證書
208.6.2. 創建CA證書有效期為一年
208.6.3. x509轉換為pfx
208.6.4. PEM格式的ca.key轉換為Microsoft可以識別的pvk格式
208.6.5. PKCS#12 到 PEM 的轉換
208.6.6. 從 PFX 格式檔案中提取私鑰格式檔案 (.key)
208.6.7. 轉換 pem 到到 spc
208.6.8. PEM 到 PKCS#12 的轉換
208.6.9. How to Convert PFX Certificate to PEM Format for SOAP
208.6.10. DER檔案（.crt .cer .der）轉為PEM格式檔案
208.6.11. JKS 轉 X509
208.6.12. jks to pem

208.7. 其他證書工具

208.8. OpenSSL 開發庫

208.8.1. DES encryption with OpenSSL

209. 資料庫與加密

209.1. MySQL 加密函數

209.1.1. AES_ENCRYPT / AES_DECRYPT
209.1.2. 通過PHP mcrypt 函數加密解密MySQL資料庫

210. Java - keytool

210.1. 創建證書
210.2. Private key generation
210.3. Public Key Certificate (optional)
210.4. import your signed certificate
210.5. Import the certificate and attach it to your server key pair
210.6. Key pair verification

211. .Net makecert

211.1. 訪問X.509證書

212. Secure Tunnel

212.1. OpenSSH Tunnel

212.1.1. SOCKS v5 Tunnel

212.2. SSL Tunnel

212.2.1. 通過SSL訪問POP、IMAP、SMTP

212.3. DeleGate

213. 硬碟分區與檔案系統加密

213.1. Microsoft 檔案系統加密

213.1.1. Microsoft Encrypting File System (EFS)
213.1.2. BitLocker

214. Office

214.1. Calc

214.1.1. 函數

215. OpenStego - 圖像檔案水印加密

216. 郵件原文

216.1. Subject Unicode
216.2. TO/CC/BCC
216.3. 正文
216.4. POP Sniffer
216.5. PHP mail()

217. Smart card(智能卡)

217.1. OpenSC - tools and libraries for smart cards

217.1.1. 安裝 OpenSC

217.2. openct-tool - OpenCT smart card utility

217.3. ccid - Generic USB CCID smart card reader driver

217.4. usbutils: Linux USB utilities

217.5. USB Token

217.5.1. Open[F]irst

217.5.2. [S]oPin 驗證管理員

217.5.3. LED 燈控制

217.5.4. [L]ist

217.5.5. File[M]enu 檔案菜單

217.5.5.1. [L]ist 列目錄與檔案
217.5.5.2. 目錄管理
217.5.5.3. 檔案管理
217.5.5.4. Create[A]pp 創建GUID

217.5.6. Set[u]pMenu 設置菜單

217.5.6.1. 修改pin
217.5.6.2. [T]okenName 修改Token名字
217.5.6.3. [C]leanup
217.5.6.4. [U]lockPIN
217.5.6.5. [A]ccessSettings
217.5.6.6. [I]nitToken 初始化

217.5.7. Linux ePass

218. Credentials Organization

218.1. VeriSign

218.1.1. iTrusChina
218.1.2. Thawte
218.1.3. Geotrust

218.2. UserTrust

218.3. 境內其他CA機構

218.3.1. WoSign®、I'm Verified®、WoTrust®、沃通®

218.4. SSL FOR FREE

218.5. Let’s Encrypt

XIX. X Window

219. install x window

219.1. xinput - utility to configure and test X input devices

220. X Setup

220.1. 取消開機啟動畫面
220.2. Automatic login
220.3. fonts 字型
220.4. disable x window

221. X Terminal

221.1. tsclient - Terminal Server Client supporting XDMCP, VNC and RDP

221.1.1. VNC
221.1.2. xdmcp

221.2. vinagre - a remote desktop viewer for the GNOME Desktop

221.3. rdesktop - A Remote Desktop Protocol client

221.3.1. -g: desktop geometry (WxH)
221.3.2. -f: full-screen mode
221.3.3. -A: enable SeamlessRDP mode
221.3.4. -z: enable rdp compression
221.3.5. -r: enable specified device redirection (this flag can be repeated)

221.4. tigervnc

221.5. TightVNC

222.1. Enable/Disable Auto Hide For Unity 2-D Launcher In Ubuntu 11.10

223. X Window System

223.1. Fluxbox
223.2. LXDE
223.3. Xfce
223.4. Xming X Server for Windows

224. X Application Software

224.1. ubuntu-restricted-extras

224.2. Keyboard Input Methods(輸入法)

224.3. 瀏覽器

224.3.1. Firefox

224.3.1.1. Error code: NS_ERROR_NET_INADEQUATE_SECURITY

224.3.2. Chromium Web Browser

224.4. Download Software

224.5. PAC Manager

224.6. LibreOffice

224.7. VYM (View Your Mind)

224.8. greenshot

224.9. Window Switch

224.10. gparted

225. Office

225.1. Calc

225.1.1. 函數

226. IBM WebSphere

226.1. WebSphere Commerce Engerprise 7.0

226.2. UpdateInstaller (AppServer, Plugins, IBMIHS)

226.2.1. WAS
226.2.2. Plugins
226.2.3. IHS
226.2.4. backup

226.3. UpdateInstaller (CommerceServer70)

226.4. WebSphere Commerce Engerprise 7.0 Feature Pack 2.iso

226.5. creating a WebSphere Commerce instance

226.6. enableFeature

226.6.1. foundation
226.6.2. management-center
226.6.3. store-enhancements
226.6.4. checkEnablementStatus
226.6.5. check version

226.7. Start IBMIHS and AppServer

226.7.1. IBMIHS
226.7.2. AppServer
226.7.3. Starting and stopping the WebSphere Commerce Information Center
226.7.4. 管理入口

226.8. Initialization store

227.1. 通過SSH與控制台不能登錄

XX. SBC - Single-board computers

228. Raspberry Pi

228.1. 配置工具

228.1.1. rpi-update

228.2. WiFi 配置

228.2.1. 網絡狀態

228.2.2. WIFI 配置

228.2.3. WiFi 熱點配置

228.2.3.1. 配置網絡介面
228.2.3.2. 配置 DHCP
228.2.3.3. 配置 dnsmasq
228.2.3.4. 配置 hostapd
228.2.3.5. 路由與轉發
228.2.3.6. 啟動熱點
228.2.3.7. 故障排除

228.3. Android 9 Pie

1.1. 貢獻用戶列表
1.2. 參考文檔
1.3. Red Hat 漏洞
1.4. National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
1.5. Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
1.6. Red Hat Bug平台
1.7. Redhat Doc
1.8. System reduce

2. 歷史記錄

表格清單

1.1. Linux server partition
1.2. Linux desktop partition
22.1. 檔案目錄表達式
22.2. 字元串表達式
22.3. 組合表達式
40.1. net.ipv4.ip_forward
74.1. Volume Group Management
8. 表格標題

範例清單

10.1. 增加交換分區
10.2. GPT Example
10.3. 創建擴展分區
13.1. bonding example
13.2. 命令行建立WiFi連結步驟
13.3. netplan dhcp 例子
22.1. A "Power User" Prompt
22.2. A Prompt the Width of Your Term
22.3. The Elegant Useless Clock Prompt
22.4. Basic conditional example if .. then
22.5. Conditionals with variables
22.6. case
22.7. Functions with parameters sample
22.8. Using select to make simple menus
22.9. Using the command line
22.10. Reading user input with read
22.11. read
22.12. random password
26.1. backup(find + tar)
28.1. example for expect
28.2. example for expect
28.3. example 1
28.4. *.exp
28.5. parallel - build and execute shell command lines from standard input in parallel
29.1. whiptail - yesno
29.2. whiptail - inputbox
29.3. whiptail - passwordbox
29.4. whiptail - passwordbox
29.5. whiptail - example 1
29.6. whiptail - radiolist
30.1. bonding example
30.2. 命令行建立WiFi連結步驟
30.3. netplan dhcp 例子
40.1. /etc/sysconfig/iptables
40.2. connlimit 實例
40.3. CentOS 5.6
43.1. openvpn.conf
43.2. server.conf
43.3. Openvpn 橋接模式伺服器配置實例
43.4. 雙網卡配置實例
43.5. client.conf
43.6. server.ovpn
43.7. client.ovpn
43.8. office.conf
43.9. home.ovpn
45.1. Expires Examples
45.2. nginx expires
45.3. Nginx SSL 雙向認證，證書生成過程
45.4. Example: valid_referers
45.5. Nginx + Tomcat
46.1. /etc/profile.d/java.sh
46.2. /etc/init.d/tomcat
46.3. Example /srv/apache-tomcat/conf
46.4. tomcat firewall
46.5. /etc/rc.d/init.d/www
47.1. index.php
47.2. autolamp.sh
47.3. R=301
47.4. mod_perl.conf
48.1. /etc/init.d/lighttpd
48.2. lighttpd compress
48.3. lighttpd expire
48.4. fastcgi.conf
48.5. Cache
49.1. explicit host in resin.conf
49.2. regexp host in resin.conf
49.3. host-alias in the resin.conf
49.4. host-alias in a /var/www/hosts/foo/host.xml
49.5. host-alias-regexp in the resin.conf
49.6. shared database in host
49.7. rewrite-dispatch
52.1. default.vcl
62.1. SMTP 伺服器配置實例
63.1. Subject Unicode
70.1. examples
70.2. backup to a central backup server with 7 day incremental
70.3. backup to a spare disk
70.4. mirroring vger CVS tree
70.5. automated backup at home
70.6. Fancy footwork with remote file lists
70.7. /etc/csync2.cfg
72.1. nginx-gridfs
72.2. Mirror
72.3. Strip
87.1. nmon
94.1. zabbix-agent 配置實例
95.1. cacti config.php
96.1.
97.1. spring boot logback
97.2. Elasticsearch 索引切割示例
98.1. config.php
99.1. mrtg
121.1. default.vcl
126.1. keepalived.conf
126.2. /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
127.1. piranha master
127.2. piranha slave
128.1. haproxy + mysql 配置實例
128.2. Haproxy MySQL (Master + Master)
139.1. Ruby on RabbitMQ
139.2. server.py
139.3. client.py
140.1. /etc/pam.d/sshd - pam_tally2.so
140.2. /etc/pam.d/sshd - pam_listfile.so
155.1. puppetd
155.2. puppetca
156.1. salt command
164.1. minikube 操作演示
165.1. virsh
171.1. Shell Docker 示例
177.1. authz
208.1. dsaparam & gendsa
208.2. 加密傳輸檔案
208.3. 快速創建自簽名證書
208.4. 創建CA根證書
208.5. 創建自簽名的證書
208.6. DES encryption example in C
212.1. stunnel.conf
216.1. Subject Unicode

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