Debian Family(Ubuntu) Handbook
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內容摘要
![[注意]](/graphics/note.png) | 對初學Linux的愛好者忠告 |
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玩Linux最忌reboot（重新啟動）這是windows玩家壞習慣 Linux只要接上電源你就不要再想用reboot,shutdown,halt,poweroff命令,Linux系統和應用軟件一般備有reload,reconfigure,restart/start/stop...不需要安裝軟件或配置伺服器後使用reboot重新引導計算機 在Linux系統裡SIGHUP信號被定義為刷新配置檔案,有些程序沒有提供reload參數,你可以給進程發送HUP信號,讓它刷新配置檔案,而不用restart.通過pkill,killall,kill 都可以發送HUP信號例如: pkill -HUP httpd |
![[提示]](/graphics/tip.png) | 對Linux高級玩家的忠告 |
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其實升級Linux內核也無需reboot（重新啟動）目前Linux已經具被改特性，這之前只有小型機才有的特性 |
內容摘要
本文檔講述Linux系統涵蓋了系統管理與配置包括：
| 對初學Linux的愛好者忠告 |
|---|---|
|
玩Linux最忌reboot（重新啟動）這是windows玩家壞習慣 Linux只要接上電源你就不要再想用reboot,shutdown,halt,poweroff命令,Linux系統和應用軟件一般備有reload,reconfigure,restart/start/stop...不需要安裝軟件或配置伺服器後使用reboot重新引導計算機 在Linux系統裡SIGHUP信號被定義為刷新配置檔案,有些程序沒有提供reload參數,你可以給進程發送HUP信號,讓它刷新配置檔案,而不用restart.通過pkill,killall,kill 都可以發送HUP信號例如: pkill -HUP httpd |
我的系列文檔:
操作系統
| Netkiller Linux 手札 | Netkiller FreeBSD 手札 | Netkiller Shell 手札 | Netkiller Security 手札 | Netkiller Web 手札 | Netkiller Monitoring 手札 | Netkiller Storage 手札 | Netkiller Mail 手札 |
資料庫
| Netkiller Database 手札 | Netkiller PostgreSQL 手札 | Netkiller MySQL 手札 | Netkiller NoSQL 手札 | Netkiller LDAP 手札 |
以下文檔停止更新合併到 《Netkiller Linux 手札》
| Netkiller Debian 手札 | Netkiller CentOS 手札 | Netkiller Multimedia 手札 |
目錄
- 1. 自述
- 1. 獲取系統信息
- 2. Kernel
- 3. Kernel modules
- 4. Package Management
- 4.1. apt-cache
- 4.2. Apt-Get
- 4.3. aptitude
- 4.4. Automatic Updates
- 4.5. dpkg
- 4.6. Upgrading
- 4.7. 製作.deb安裝包
- 5. Package Manager
- 6. Device information
- 6.1. dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer
- 6.2. smartctl - Control and Monitor Utility for SMART Disks
- 6.3. CPU 資源管理
- 6.4. lspci - list all PCI devices
- 6.5. lshw - list hardware
- 6.6. hwinfo - Hardware Information
- 6.7. dmidecode - DMI table decoder
- 6.8. ethtool - Display or change ethernet card settings
- 6.9. usb device
- 6.10. lsscsi - list SCSI devices (or hosts) and their attributes
- 6.11. HBA
- 6.12. lsblk - list block devices
- 6.13. kudzu - detects and configures new and/or changed hardware on a system
- 6.14. udev - Linux dynamic device management
- 7. 區域/語言/時間
- 8. console / terminal
- 9. Harddisk
- 10. Removable Storage
- 11. File System
- 11.1. /etc/fstab
- 11.2. Mount partition
- 11.3. ext2
- 11.4. ext3
- 11.5. ReiserFS
- 11.6. EXT4
- 11.7. LVM
- 11.8. btrfs
- 11.9. zfs
- 11.10. iSCSI
- 11.11. GFS - Cluster Storage
- 11.12. glusterfs
- 11.13. RAM FS
- 11.14. tmpfs
- 11.15. ftp fs
- 11.16. SSHFS (sshfs - filesystem client based on SSH File Transfer Protocol)
- 11.17. davfs2 - mount a WebDAV resource as a regular file system
- 11.18. redisfs
- 11.19. File system test
- 11.20. 磁碟占用100%刪除檔案後不是放的解決方法
- 13. Networking
- 15. Logging
- 16. 設備管理
- 16.1. Debian/Ubuntu
- 16.1.1. update-rc.d - install and remove System-V style init script links
- 16.1.2. invoke-rc.d - executes System-V style init script actions
- 16.1.3. runlevel
- 16.1.4. sysv-rc-conf
- 16.1.5. xinetd - replacement for inetd with many enhancements
- 16.1.6. Scheduled Tasks
- 16.1.7. sv - control and manage services monitored by runsv
- 16.2. Services
- 17. Process
- 18. Permission
- 18.1. User
- 18.2. Group
- 18.3. umask
- 18.4. Access Permissions
- 18.5. chattr - change file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
- 18.6. su - run a shell with substitute user and group IDs
- 18.7. runuser - run a command with substitute user and group ID
- 18.8. sudo, sudoedit - execute a command as another user
- 18.9. ACL - Access Control List
- 19. /etc
- 20. kickstart
- 21. System Utilities 配置工具
- 22. Bash Shell
- 22.1. bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
- 22.2. Introduction
- 22.3. variable
- 22.4. conditions if and case
- 22.5. Loops for, while and until
- 22.6. Functions
- 22.7. User interfaces
- 22.8. Example
- 23. Z Shell
- 24. Shell command
- 24.1. Help Commands
- 24.2. getconf - Query system configuration variables
- 24.3. Directory and File System Related
- 24.3.1. dirname
- 24.3.2. filename
- 24.3.3. test - check file types and compare values
- 24.3.4. stat
- 24.3.5. mkdir - make directories
- 24.3.6. rename
- 24.3.7. touch
- 24.3.8. ls - list directory contents
- 24.3.9. cp - copy files and directories
- 24.3.10. rm - remove files or directories
- 24.3.11. df - report file system disk space usage
- 24.3.12. du - estimate file space usage
- 24.3.13. tac - concatenate and print files in reverse
- 24.3.14. split - split a file into pieces
- 24.3.15. find - search for files in a directory hierarchy
- 24.4. package / compress and decompress
- 24.4.1. tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
- 24.4.1.1. tar examples
- 24.4.1.2. gunzip
- 24.4.1.3. b2zip
- 24.4.1.4. compress
- 24.4.1.5. -t, --list
- 24.4.1.6. tar: Removing leading `/’ from member names
- 24.4.1.7. -C, --directory=DIR
- 24.4.1.8. -P, --absolute-names don't strip leading `/'s from file names
- 24.4.1.9. --exclude
- 24.4.1.10. -T
- 24.4.1.11. 日期過濾
- 24.4.1.12. 保留權限
- 24.4.1.13. -r, --append
- 24.4.1.14. 遠程傳輸
- 24.4.1.15. 分卷壓縮
- 24.4.2. cpio - copy files to and from archives
- 24.4.3. gzip
- 24.4.4. zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files
- 24.4.5. RAR
- 24.4.6. 7-Zip
- 24.5. date and time
- 24.6. Numeric
- 24.7. Text Processing
- 24.7.1. iconv - Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
- 24.7.2. 字元串處理命令expr
- 24.7.3. cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output
- 24.7.4. nl - number lines of files
- 24.7.5. od - dump files in octal and other formats
- 24.7.6. tr - translate or delete characters
- 24.7.7. cut - remove sections from each line of files
- 24.7.8. printf - format and print data
- 24.7.9. Free `recode' converts files between various character sets and surfaces.
- 24.7.10. /dev/urandom 隨機字元串
- 24.7.11. col - filter reverse line feeds from input
- 24.7.12. apg - generates several random passwords
- 24.7.13. head/tail
- 24.7.14. 反轉字元串或檔案內容
- 24.8. grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern
- 24.9. sort - sort lines of text files
- 24.10. uniq
- 24.11. 表格操作/行列轉換
- 24.12. standard input/output
- 24.13. Logging
- 24.14. Password
- 24.15. binutils
- 26. Utility Programs
- 26.1. ed, red - text editor
- 26.2. vim
- 26.3. CURL - transfer a URL
- 26.3.1. 基本用法
- 26.3.2. data
- 26.3.3. connect-timeout
- 26.3.4. max-time
- 26.3.5. compressed
- 26.3.6. vhosts
- 26.3.7. 輸出格式定義
- 26.3.8. -A/--user-agent <agent string>
- 26.3.9. referer
- 26.3.10. -v
- 26.3.11. -o, --output FILE Write output to <file> instead of stdout
- 26.3.12. -H/--header <line> Custom header to pass to server (H)
- 26.3.13. curl-config
- 26.3.14. FAQ
- 26.4. awk
- 26.5. sed
- 26.6. expect
- 26.7. expect-lite - quick and easy command line automation tool
- 26.8. sshpass - noninteractive ssh password provider
- 26.9. Klish - Kommand Line Interface Shell (the fork of clish project)
- 26.10. Limited command Shell (lshell)
- 26.11. wget - retrieves files from the web
- 26.12. TUI
- 26.12.1. screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
- 26.12.2. tmux — terminal multiplexer
- 26.12.3. byobu - wrapper script for seeding a user's byobu configuration and launching a text based window manager (either screen or tmux)
- 26.12.4. htop - interactive process viewer
- 26.12.5. elinks
- 26.12.6. chat
- 26.13. parallel - build and execute shell command lines from standard input in parallel
- 27. Shell Terminal
- I. X Window
- 28. install x window
- 29. X Setup
- 30. X Terminal
- 31. Unity
- 32. X Window System
- 33. X Application Software
- 34. Office
- 1. 附錄
- 2. 歷史記錄
範例清單
- 9.1. 增加交換分區
- 9.2. GPT Example
- 9.3. 創建擴展分區
- 13.1. bonding example
- 13.2. 命令行建立WiFi連結步驟
- 22.1. A "Power User" Prompt
- 22.2. A Prompt the Width of Your Term
- 22.3. The Elegant Useless Clock Prompt
- 22.4. Basic conditional example if .. then
- 22.5. Conditionals with variables
- 22.6. case
- 22.7. Functions with parameters sample
- 22.8. Using select to make simple menus
- 22.9. Using the command line
- 22.10. Reading user input with read
- 22.11. read
- 22.12. random password
- 24.1. backup(find + tar)
- 26.1. example for expect
- 26.2. example for expect
- 26.3. example 1
- 26.4. *.exp
- 26.5. parallel - build and execute shell command lines from standard input in parallel
- 27.1. whiptail - yesno
- 27.2. whiptail - inputbox
- 27.3. whiptail - passwordbox
- 27.4. whiptail - passwordbox
- 27.5. whiptail - example 1
- 27.6. whiptail - radiolist