Unix, Linux, FreeBSD & Mac Shell
2009-11-15
電子書最近一次更新于 2020-04-25 00:48:59 .
版權 © 2009-2019 Neo Chan
版權聲明
轉載請與作者聯繫，轉載時請務必標明文章原始出處和作者信息及本聲明。
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2020-04-25 00:48:59
內容摘要
本文檔講述Linux系統涵蓋了系統管理與配置包括：
![[注意]](/graphics/note.png) | 對初學Linux的愛好者忠告 |
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玩Linux最忌reboot（重新啟動）這是windows玩家壞習慣 Linux只要接上電源你就不要再想用reboot,shutdown,halt,poweroff命令,Linux系統和應用軟件一般備有reload,reconfigure,restart/start/stop...不需要安裝軟件或配置伺服器後使用reboot重新引導計算機 在Linux系統裡SIGHUP信號被定義為刷新配置檔案,有些程序沒有提供reload參數,你可以給進程發送HUP信號,讓它刷新配置檔案,而不用restart.通過pkill,killall,kill 都可以發送HUP信號例如: pkill -HUP httpd |
我的系列文檔:
操作系統
| Netkiller Linux 手札 | Netkiller FreeBSD 手札 | Netkiller Shell 手札 |
| Netkiller Security 手札 | Netkiller Web 手札 | Netkiller Monitoring 手札 |
| Netkiller Storage 手札 | Netkiller Mail 手札 | Netkiller Virtualization 手札 |
以下文檔停止更新合併到 《Netkiller Linux 手札》
| Netkiller Debian 手札 | Netkiller CentOS 手札 | Netkiller Multimedia 手札 |
Netkiller 系列電子書始於 2000 年，風風雨雨走過20年，將在 2020 年終結，之後不在更新。作出這種決定原因很多，例如現在的閲讀習慣已經轉向短視頻，我個人的時間，身體健康情況等等......
感謝讀者粉絲這20年的支持
雖然電子書不再更新，後面我還會活躍在知乎社區和微信公眾號
目錄
- 1. 自述
- 1. Bash Shell
- 1.1. 快捷鍵
- 1.2. bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
- 1.3. Introduction
- 1.4. variable
- 1.5. conditions if and case
- 1.6. Loops for, while and until
- 1.7. Functions
- 1.8. User interfaces
- 1.9. subshell
- 1.10. Example
- 2. Z Shell
- 3. Berkeley UNIX C shell (csh)
- 4. KornShell
- 5. Shell command
- 5.1. Help Commands
- 5.2. getconf - Query system configuration variables
- 5.3. test 命令
- 5.4. Directory and File System Related
- 5.4.1. dirname
- 5.4.2. filename
- 5.4.3. test - check file types and compare values
- 5.4.4. file — determine file type
- 5.4.5. stat
- 5.4.6. mkdir - make directories
- 5.4.7. rename
- 5.4.8. touch
- 5.4.9. truncate
- 5.4.10. ls - list directory contents
- 5.4.11. cp - copy files and directories
- 5.4.12. rm - remove files or directories
- 5.4.13. df - report file system disk space usage
- 5.4.14. du - estimate file space usage
- 5.4.15. tac - concatenate and print files in reverse
- 5.4.16. split - split a file into pieces
- 5.4.17. find - search for files in a directory hierarchy
- 5.4.17.1. name
- 5.4.17.2. regex
- 5.4.17.3. user
- 5.4.17.4. perm
- 5.4.17.5. type
- 5.4.17.6. -delete
- 5.4.17.7. exec
- 5.4.17.8. 排除目錄
- 5.4.17.9. -mmin n File's data was last modified n minutes ago.
- 5.4.17.10. -ctime
- 5.4.17.11. -mtime / -mmin
- 5.4.17.12. --newer
- 5.4.17.13. -print / -printf
- 5.4.17.14. -size
- 5.4.17.15. -path
- 5.4.17.16. 目錄深度控制
- 5.4.17.17. -maxdepth
- 5.4.17.18. xargs
- 5.5. package / compress and decompress
- 5.5.1. tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
- 5.5.2. cpio - copy files to and from archives
- 5.5.3. gzip
- 5.5.4. zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files
- 5.5.5. bzip2, bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor
- 5.5.6. RAR
- 5.5.7. 7-Zip
- 5.5.8. RAR
- 5.5.9. xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
- 5.6. date and time
- 5.7. Numeric
- 5.8. Text Processing
- 5.8.1. iconv - Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
- 5.8.2. 字元串處理命令expr
- 5.8.3. cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output
- 5.8.4. nl - number lines of files
- 5.8.5. tr - translate or delete characters
- 5.8.6. cut - remove sections from each line of files
- 5.8.7. printf - format and print data
- 5.8.8. Free `recode' converts files between various character sets and surfaces.
- 5.8.9. /dev/urandom 隨機字元串
- 5.8.10. col - filter reverse line feeds from input
- 5.8.11. apg - generates several random passwords
- 5.8.12. head/tail
- 5.8.13. 反轉字元串或檔案內容
- 5.8.14. TAB符號與空格處理
- 5.9. grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern
- 5.10. sort - sort lines of text files
- 5.11. uniq
- 5.12. 表格操作/行列轉換
- 5.13. standard input/output
- 5.13.1. xargs - build and execute command lines from standard input
- 5.13.1.1. 格式化
- 5.13.1.2. standard input
- 5.13.1.3. -I 替換操作
- 5.13.1.4. -n, --max-args=MAX-ARGS use at most MAX-ARGS arguments per command line
- 5.13.1.5. -t, --verbose print commands before executing them
- 5.13.1.6. -d, --delimiter=CHARACTER items in input stream are separated by CHARACTER, not by whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing
- 5.13.1.7. -0, --null items are separated by a null, not whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing
- 5.13.1.8. -r, --no-run-if-empty if there are no arguments, then do not run COMMAND; if this option is not given, COMMAND will be
- 5.13.1.9. -p, --interactive prompt before running commands
- 5.14. flock - manage locks from shell scripts
- 5.15. 進制轉換 - 16進制 - 8進制 - 二進制
- 5.16. Logging
- 5.17. Password
- 5.18. 信息摘要
- 5.19. envsubst - substitutes environment variables in shell format strings
- 7. Utility Programs
- 7.1. ed, red - text editor
- 7.2. vim
- 7.3. awk
- 7.4. sed
- 7.5. CURL - transfer a URL
- 7.5.1. 基本用法
- 7.5.2. 提交表單數據
- 7.5.3. 上傳檔案
- 7.5.4. connect-timeout
- 7.5.5. max-time
- 7.5.6. compressed
- 7.5.7. vhosts
- 7.5.8. -w, --write-out <format> 輸出格式定義
- 7.5.9. -A/--user-agent <agent string>
- 7.5.10. referer
- 7.5.11. -v
- 7.5.12. -o, --output FILE Write output to <file> instead of stdout
- 7.5.13. -L, --location
- 7.5.14. -H/--header <line> Custom header to pass to server (H)
- 7.5.15. curl-config
- 7.5.16. 指定網絡介面或者地址
- 7.5.17. Cookie 處理
- 7.5.18. Restful 應用 JSON 數據處理
- 7.5.19. HTTP2
- 7.5.20. FAQ
- 7.6. expect
- 7.7. expect-lite - quick and easy command line automation tool
- 7.8. sshpass - noninteractive ssh password provider
- 7.9. Klish - Kommand Line Interface Shell (the fork of clish project)
- 7.10. Limited command Shell (lshell)
- 7.11. Wget - The non-interactive network downloader.
- 7.12. TUI
- 7.12.1. screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
- 7.12.2. tmux — terminal multiplexer
- 7.12.3. byobu - wrapper script for seeding a user's byobu configuration and launching a text based window manager (either screen or tmux)
- 7.12.4. htop - interactive process viewer
- 7.12.5. elinks
- 7.12.6. chat
- 7.13. jq - Command-line JSON processor
- 7.14. parallel - build and execute shell command lines from standard input in parallel
- 7.15. multitail
- 8. Shell Terminal
- 1. 附錄
範例清單
- 1.1. A "Power User" Prompt
- 1.2. A Prompt the Width of Your Term
- 1.3. The Elegant Useless Clock Prompt
- 1.4. Basic conditional example if .. then
- 1.5. Conditionals with variables
- 1.6. case
- 1.7. Functions with parameters sample
- 1.8. Using select to make simple menus
- 1.9. Using the command line
- 1.10. Reading user input with read
- 1.11. read
- 1.12. random password
- 5.1. backup(find + tar)
- 7.1. example for expect
- 7.2. example for expect
- 7.3. example 1
- 7.4. *.exp
- 7.5. parallel - build and execute shell command lines from standard input in parallel
- 8.1. whiptail - yesno
- 8.2. whiptail - inputbox
- 8.3. whiptail - passwordbox
- 8.4. whiptail - passwordbox
- 8.5. whiptail - example 1
- 8.6. whiptail - radiolist