post 表單數據
curl -d "user=neo&password=chen" http://www.example.com/login.php curl --data "user=neo&password=chen" http://www.example.com/login.php
curl -F "upload=@card.txt;type=text/plain" "http://www.example.com/upload.php"
使用 CURL 上傳 Oauth2 + Jwt 認證的 Restful 介面
curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" -X POST -F "file=@/etc/hosts" http://localhost:8080/upload/single
curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 30 -m 30 -s -w %{http_code} http://www.google.com/
-m, --max-time SECONDS Maximum time allowed for the transfer
curl -o /dev/null --max-time 10 http://www.netkiller.cn/
curl --compressed http://www.example.com
有時候你需要設覺察/etc/hosts檔案才能訪問vhost,下面例子可以不設置/etc/hosts
curl -x 127.0.0.1:80 your.exmaple.com/index.php
socks5 伺服器
$ curl -v -x socks5://username:password@IP:1080 http://www.google.com/
計時器 描述 time_connect 建立到伺服器的 TCP 連接所用的時間 time_starttransfer 在發出請求之後,Web 伺服器返回數據的第一個位元組所用的時間 time_total 完成請求所用的時間 time_namelookup DNS解析時間,從請求開始到DNS解析完畢所用時間(記得關掉 Linux 的 nscd 的服務測試) speed_download 下載速度，單位-位元組每秒。
curl -o /dev/null -s -w %{time_connect}:%{time_starttransfer}:%{time_total} http://www.example.net
curl -o /dev/null -s -w "Connect: %{time_connect}\nTransfer: %{time_starttransfer}\nTotal: %{time_total}\n" https://www.netkiller.cn/index.html
curl -o /dev/null -s -w "Connect: %{time_connect} \nTransfer: %{time_starttransfer}\nTotal: %{time_total}\nNamelookup: %{time_namelookup}\nDownload: %{speed_download}\n" https://www.netkiller.cn/index.html
Connect: 0.024241
Transfer: 0.117727
Total: 0.117842
Namelookup: 0.004367
Download: 129877.000
測試頁面所花費的時間
date ; curl -s -w 'Connect: %{time_connect} TTFB: %{time_starttransfer} Total time: %{time_total} \n' -H "Host: www.example.com" http://172.16.0.1/webapp/test.jsp ; date ;
curl -o /dev/null -s -w %{time_connect}, %{time_starttransfer}, %{time_total}, %{time_namelookup}, %{speed_download} http://www.netkiller.cn
返回HTTP狀態碼
curl -s -I http://netkiller.sourceforge.net/ | grep HTTP | awk '{print $2" "$3}'
curl -o /dev/null -s -w %{http_code} http://netkiller.sourceforge.net/
curl --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 60 --output /dev/null -s -w %{response_code} http://www.netkiller.cn/
# curl -w '\nLookup time:\t%{time_namelookup}\nConnect time:\t%{time_connect}\nPreXfer time:\t%{time_pretransfer}\nStartXfer time:\t%{time_starttransfer}\n\nTotal time:\t%{time_total}\n' -o /dev/null -s http://www.netkiller.cn
Lookup time: 0.125
Connect time: 0.125
PreXfer time: 0.125
StartXfer time: 0.125
Total time: 0.126
設置用戶代理，這樣web伺服器會認為是其他瀏覽器訪問
curl -A "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)" http://www.example.com
curl -v -o /dev/null -e "http://www.example.com" http://www.your.com/
* About to connect() to www.your.com port 80
* Trying 172.16.1.10... connected
* Connected to www.your.com (172.16.1.10) port 80
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.15.5 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.15.5 OpenSSL/0.9.8b zlib/1.2.3 libidn/0.6.5
> Host: www.your.com
> Accept: */*
> Referer: http://www.example.com
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Date: Thu, 30 Sep 2010 07:59:47 GMT
< Server: Apache/2.2.16 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.16 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 PHP/5.2.14
< Accept-Ranges: bytes
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 172k 0 172k 0 0 10.2M 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 11.9M* Connection #0 to host www.your.com left intact
* Closing connection #0
curl -o /dev/null http://www.example.com curl -o index.html http://www.example.com
curl -L --retry 5 --retry-delay 3 https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric/releases/download/v2.0.1/hyperledger-fabric-linux-amd64-2.0.1.tar.gz | tar xz
If-Modified-Since
neo@neo-OptiPlex-780:/tmp$ curl -I http://images.example.com/test/test.html HTTP/1.0 200 OK Cache-Control: s-maxage=7200, max-age=900 Expires: Mon, 16 May 2011 08:10:37 GMT Content-Type: text/html Accept-Ranges: bytes ETag: "1205579110" Last-Modified: Mon, 16 May 2011 06:57:39 GMT Content-Length: 11 Date: Mon, 16 May 2011 07:55:37 GMT Server: lighttpd/1.4.26 Age: 604 X-Via: 1.0 ls71:80 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0), 1.0 lydx136:8105 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0) Connection: keep-alive neo@neo-OptiPlex-780:/tmp$ curl -H "If-Modified-Since: Fri, 12 May 2011 18:53:33 GMT" -I http://images.example.com/test/test.html HTTP/1.0 304 Not Modified Date: Mon, 16 May 2011 07:56:19 GMT Content-Type: text/html Expires: Mon, 16 May 2011 08:11:19 GMT Last-Modified: Mon, 16 May 2011 06:57:39 GMT ETag: "1205579110" Cache-Control: s-maxage=7200, max-age=900 Age: 790 X-Via: 1.0 wzdx168:8080 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0) Connection: keep-alive
neo@neo-OptiPlex-780:/tmp$ curl -I http://images.example.com/test/test.html HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: s-maxage=7200, max-age=900 Expires: Mon, 16 May 2011 09:48:45 GMT Content-Type: text/html Accept-Ranges: bytes ETag: "1984705864" Last-Modified: Mon, 16 May 2011 09:01:07 GMT Content-Length: 22 Date: Mon, 16 May 2011 09:33:45 GMT Server: lighttpd/1.4.26
neo@neo-OptiPlex-780:/tmp$ curl -H 'If-None-Match: "1984705864"' -I http://images.example.com/test/test.html HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified Cache-Control: s-maxage=7200, max-age=900 Expires: Mon, 16 May 2011 09:48:32 GMT Content-Type: text/html Accept-Ranges: bytes ETag: "1984705864" Last-Modified: Mon, 16 May 2011 09:01:07 GMT Date: Mon, 16 May 2011 09:33:32 GMT Server: lighttpd/1.4.26
$ curl -H Accept-Encoding:gzip,defalte -I http://www.example.com/product/374218.html HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 16 May 2011 09:13:18 GMT Server: Apache Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Encoding: gzip Content-Length: 16660 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 X-Pad: avoid browser bug Age: 97 X-Via: 1.1 dg44:8888 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0) Connection: keep-alive
$ curl -H Accept-Encoding:gzip,defalte http://www.example.com/product/374218.html | gunzip
未認證返回401
# curl --compressed http://webservice.example.com/members <html> <head><title>401 Authorization Required</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>401 Authorization Required</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx</center> </body> </html>
-u/--user <user[:password]> Set server user and password
使用 -u或者 --user 指定用戶與密碼
# curl --compressed -uneo:chen http://webservice.example.com/members
--interface INTERFACE Use network INTERFACE (or address)
curl --interface 127.0.0.1 http://www.netkiller.cn
cookie 可以從 http header 設置
curl -LO -H "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u131-b11/d54c1d3a095b4ff2b6607d096fa80163/jdk-8u131-linux-x64.rpm
curl 還提供兩個參數用於處理 cookie
-b, --cookie STRING/FILE Read cookies from STRING/FILE (H) 讀取 cookie 檔案 -c, --cookie-jar FILE Write cookies to FILE after operation (H) 將 cookie 寫入檔案
curl -c cookie.txt -d "user=neo&password=123456" http://www.netkiller.cn/login curl -b cookie.txt http://www.netkiller.cn/user/profile
下面提供一些使用 curl 操作 restful 的實例
GET 操作
curl http://api.netkiller.cn/v1/withdraw/get/15.json
用戶認證的情況
curl http://test:123456@api.netkiller.cn/v1/withdraw/get/id/815.json
POST 操作
curl -i -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '
{
"id":"B040200000000000000","name":"Neo","amount":12,"password":"12345","createdate":"2016-09-12 13:10:10"
}' https://test:123456@api.netkiller.cn/v1/withdraw/create.json
curl -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation
URL=https://api.netkiller.cn
token=$(curl -k --cacert -s -X POST --user 'api:secret' -d 'grant_type=password&username=netkiller@msn.com&password=123456' ${URL}/oauth/token | grep -o -E '"access_token":"([0-9a-f-]+)"' | cut -d \" -f 4 )
curl -k -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer ${token}" -X GET ${URL}/search/article/list/22/0/5.json
獲取 access_token 字元串
方法一
curl -s -X POST --user 'api:secret' -d 'grant_type=password&username=netkiller@msn.com&password=123456' http://localhost:8080/oauth/token | sed 's/.*"access_token":"\([^"]*\)".*/\1/g'
方法二
curl -s -X POST --user 'api:secret' -d 'grant_type=password&username=netkiller@msn.com&password=123456' http://localhost:8080/oauth/token | grep -o -E '"access_token":"(.+)"' | cut -d \" -f 4
curl 已經支持 HTTP2，使用方法如下
neo@MacBook-Pro ~/workspace % curl -I --http2 https://www.google.com HTTP/2 200 date: Tue, 26 Feb 2019 06:36:03 GMT expires: -1 cache-control: private, max-age=0 content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 p3p: CP="This is not a P3P policy! See g.co/p3phelp for more info." server: gws x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN set-cookie: 1P_JAR=2019-02-26-06; expires=Thu, 28-Mar-2019 06:36:03 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com set-cookie: NID=160=aQySEvsSa9gVU8qivD3t5qsgi_PRUtD5Ao3nRb48jMyLAzlYA1ViWuF1BaZHChVzY6EuknQ0OUz3Z2vhWwrclzO4WV6BmWgPhz6jowqFF3XCStsyYVwLQp2-_c0aGioBryAP1bTT0c-PX9iJzk5Zcbm2cFs6kH0Qb2a_3ML7Ioc; expires=Wed, 28-Aug-2019 06:36:03 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; HttpOnly alt-svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="44,43,39" accept-ranges: none vary: Accept-Encoding
HTTP/2 200 表示當前採用 HTTP2 連接