cconv是建立在iconv之上,可以UTF8編碼直接轉換,並增加了詞轉換。
sudo apt-get install cconv
使用cconv進行簡繁轉換的方法為:
cconv -f UTF8-CN -t UTF8-HK zh-cn.txt -o zh-hk.txt
字元串處理命令expr用法簡介: 名稱:expr 用途:求表達式變數的值。 語法: expr Expression 實例如下: 例子1:字串長度 shell>> expr length "this is a test content"; 22 例子2:求餘數 shell>> expr 20 % 9 2 例子3:從指定位置處截取字元串 shell>> expr substr "this is a test content" 3 5 is is 例子4:指定字元串第一次出現的位置 shell>> expr index "testforthegame" s 3 例子5:字元串真實重現 shell>> expr quote thisisatestformela thisisatestformela
-b 不對空白行編號。 -e 使用 $ 字元顯示行尾。 -n 從 1 開始對所有輸出行編號。 -q 使用靜默操作(禁止錯誤消息)。 -r 將所有多個空行替換為單行(“壓縮”空白)。 -t 將製表符顯示為 ^I。 -u 不對輸出進行緩衝。 -v 可視地顯示非打印控制字元。
-S 將多個空白行壓縮到單行中(與 -r 相同)
$ cat >> /tmp/test <<EOF Line1 Line2 Line3 Line4 Line5 EOF $ cat -s /tmp/test Line1 Line2 Line3 Line4 Line5
[:alnum:] :所有字母字元與數字 [:alpha:] :所有字母字元 [:blank:] :所有水平空格 [:cntrl:] :所有控制字元 [:digit:] :所有數字 [:graph:] :所有可打印的字元(不包含空格符) [:lower:] :所有小寫字母 [:print:] :所有可打印的字元(包含空格符) [:punct:] :所有標點字元 [:space:] :所有水平與垂直空格符 [:upper:] :所有大寫字母 [:xdigit:] :所有 16 進位制的數字
使用 tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' 將小寫字母替換成大寫字母
[root@localhost ~]# echo "Helloworld" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' HELLOWORLD
替換整段文字
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' CENTOS LINUX RELEASE 7.5.1804 (CORE)
[root@localhost ~]# echo "Netkiller" | tr ‘a-z’ ‘A-Z’ NETKILLER
[root@localhost ~]# echo "1234567890" | tr ‘1-5′ ‘[A*]‘ AAAAA67890 [root@localhost ~]# echo "1234567890" | tr ‘1-9′ ‘[A*5]BCDE’ AAAAABCDE0
刪除重複的字元
[root@localhost ~]# echo "My nickname is netkiller." | tr -s ' ' My nickname is netkiller. [root@localhost ~]# echo "aaaabbbbccccdddd." | tr -s 'a' abbbbccccdddd. [root@localhost ~]# echo "aaaabbbbccccdddd." | tr -s 'a-z' abcd.
列操作
$ last | grep 'neo' | cut -d ' ' -f1
$ cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ':' -f1 root daemon bin sys sync games man lp mail news uucp proxy $ cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ':' -f1,3,4 # cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ':' -f1,6 root:/root bin:/bin daemon:/sbin adm:/var/adm lp:/var/spool/lpd sync:/sbin shutdown:/sbin halt:/sbin mail:/var/spool/mail uucp:/var/spool/uucp operator:/root games:/usr/games gopher:/var/gopher ftp:/var/ftp nobody:/ vcsa:/dev saslauth:/var/empty/saslauth postfix:/var/spool/postfix sshd:/var/empty/sshd rpc:/var/cache/rpcbind rpcuser:/var/lib/nfs nfsnobody:/var/lib/nfs ntp:/etc/ntp nagios:/var/log/nagios
行操作
$ cat /etc/passwd | cut -c 1-4 root daem bin: sys: sync game man: $ echo "No such file or directory"| cut -c4-7 such $ echo "No such file or directory"| cut -c -8 No such $ echo "No such file or directory"| cut -c-8 No such
Following will convert text files between DOS, Mac, and Unix line ending styles:
$ recode /cl../cr <dos.txt >mac.txt $ recode /cr.. <mac.txt >unix.txt $ recode ../cl <unix.txt >dos.txt
[neo@test .deploy]$ echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c 8` GidAuuNN [neo@test .deploy]$ echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c 8` UyGaWSKr
我常常使用這樣的隨機字元初始化密碼
[neo@test .deploy]$ echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc [:alnum:] | head -c 8` xig8Meym [neo@test .deploy]$ echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc [:alnum:] | head -c 8` 23Ac1vZg [neo@test .deploy]$ echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc [:digit:] | head -c 8` 73652314 [neo@test .deploy]$ echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc [:graph:] | head -c 8` GO_o>OnJ [neo@test .deploy]$ echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc [:graph:] | head -c 10` iGy0FS/aO5 [neo@test .deploy]$ echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc [:graph:] | head -c 50` ;`E^{5(T4v~5$YovW.?%_?9la<`+qPcRh@7mD\!Whx;MJZVQ\K [neo@test .deploy]$ echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc [:print:] | head -c 50` fy$[#:'(')jt'gp1/g-)d~p]8 :r9i;MO2d!8M<?Qs3t:QgK$O [neo@test .deploy]$ echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc [:graph:] | head -c 50` 6SivJ5y$/FTi8mf}rrqE&s0"WkA}r;uK-=MT!Wp0UlL_lF0|bL
批量生成
for i in {1..10} do echo `< /dev/urandom tr -dc A-Z-a-z-0-9 | head -c 8` done
# cat /dev/urandom | tr -cd [:alnum:] | fold -w30 | head -n 20 AVqROzjF6ZATJGv2J6PzDHp3jLpKV4 ONt68UFNDwgXpSnLBV7oRDX3VLRYsX EZTWCGvZc3mIEeuw9sxMtV8ZkzVRJv BhUiv0a7utsjZFLYpKGZrY5aDXcZL4 5YfUl2hmDT1O9X61DRYg4wSp4lXoXX ykyPJxH47PzxnNGlujIUF98ZtB01H0 QyP53mksQN8bCNNo1fSD3RtqhhEGfa u2RkT1M9GUQF4a6O18tG5WD97OOXze Whm5X7398Q8L9BONN8k2oLy9CL37JO TmGQz7WB6WnkjhyB4wrBHBJ3HMIRyf hww43yvddUDYUnbNOKjhv3sLhCA4YD uY6zQtBC6miwLUl3jkCVVA0Xu8ASgj jv58qu46VW7LvRIq4txNE8bG9NBlZl pzaMkydAiCHCF5H2oQVqMn4DTTYgNL yoN2A9LyrCwLfjP1ad9HMAwxExJL5i J27iy2L90m9dpcPLJ8tl46GGb9xqmQ 6YwFCvuPHyyEwnctUTpqLFcvUafVZ2 Nuq9XgIgRQGynjlVqGLMOpO0MkGpsn tChkRG7eoRuKVXgW7ccTGx45E54K3Y qPv48XqdGlOrdULCOGZ45kwJ1v5kVX
sudo apt-get install apg $ apg Please enter some random data (only first 16 are significant) (eg. your old password):> imlogNukcel5 (im-log-Nuk-cel-FIVE) Drocdaf1 (Droc-daf-ONE) fagJook0 (fag-Jook-ZERO) heabugJer4 (heab-ug-Jer-FOUR) 5OsEsudy (FIVE-Os-Es-ud-y) IrjOgneagOc9 (Irj-Og-neag-Oc-NINE) $ apg -M SNCL -m 16 WoidWemFut6dryn, byRowpEus-Flutt0 |QuogCagFaycsic0 ojHoadCyct4Freg_ Vir9blir`orhohoo bapOip?Ibreawov2
反轉字元串
# echo hello | rev olleh # echo "hello world" | rev dlrow olleh
反轉檔案內容
# rev /etc/passwd hsab/nib/:toor/:toor:0:0:x:toor nigolon/nibs/:nib/:nib:1:1:x:nib nigolon/nibs/:nibs/:nomead:2:2:x:nomead nigolon/nibs/:mda/rav/:mda:4:3:x:mda nigolon/nibs/:dpl/loops/rav/:pl:7:4:x:pl cnys/nib/:nibs/:cnys:0:5:x:cnys nwodtuhs/nibs/:nibs/:nwodtuhs:0:6:x:nwodtuhs tlah/nibs/:nibs/:tlah:0:7:x:tlah nigolon/nibs/:liam/loops/rav/:liam:21:8:x:liam nigolon/nibs/:pcuu/loops/rav/:pcuu:41:01:x:pcuu nigolon/nibs/:toor/:rotarepo:0:11:x:rotarepo nigolon/nibs/:semag/rsu/:semag:001:21:x:semag nigolon/nibs/:rehpog/rav/:rehpog:03:31:x:rehpog nigolon/nibs/:ptf/rav/:resU PTF:05:41:x:ptf nigolon/nibs/:/:ydoboN:99:99:x:ydobon nigolon/nibs/:ved/:renwo yromem elosnoc lautriv:96:96:x:ascv nigolon/nibs/:ptn/cte/::83:83:x:ptn nigolon/nibs/:htualsas/ytpme/rav/:"resu dhtualsaS":67:994:x:htualsas nigolon/nibs/:xiftsop/loops/rav/::98:98:x:xiftsop nigolon/nibs/:dhss/ytpme/rav/:HSS detarapes-egelivirP:47:47:x:dhss hsab/nib/:lqsym/bil/rav/:revres LQSyM:994:894:x:lqsym hsab/nib/:www/:noitacilppA beW:08:08:x:www nigolon/nibs/:xnign/ehcac/rav/:resu xnign:894:794:x:xnign
root@netkiller /var/log % yum --showduplicates list httpd | expand Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Available Packages httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos os httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos.2 updates
root@netkiller /var/log % cat /etc/fstab | unexpand -t 16 /dev/vda1 / ext3 noatime,acl,user_xattr 1 1 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0 debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0
將16個空格替換為一個TAB符