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Netkiller Linux 手札

Netkiller Linux Cookbook

Mr. Neo Chan, 陳景峯(BG7NYT)



中國廣東省深圳市望海路半島城邦三期
518067
+86 13113668890


電子書最近一次更新于 2020-10-24 03:57:10 .

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知乎專欄

$Date$

2020-10-24 03:57:10

內容摘要

本文檔講述Linux系統涵蓋了系統管理與配置包括:

[注意]對初學Linux的愛好者忠告

玩Linux最忌reboot(重新啟動)這是windows玩家壞習慣

Linux只要接上電源你就不要再想用reboot,shutdown,halt,poweroff命令,Linux系統和應用軟件一般備有reload,reconfigure,restart/start/stop...不需要安裝軟件或配置伺服器後使用reboot重新引導計算機

在Linux系統裡SIGHUP信號被定義為刷新配置檔案,有些程序沒有提供reload參數,你可以給進程發送HUP信號,讓它刷新配置檔案,而不用restart.通過pkill,killall,kill 都可以發送HUP信號例如: pkill -HUP httpd

我的系列文檔:

操作系統

Netkiller Linux 手札 Netkiller FreeBSD 手札 Netkiller Shell 手札
Netkiller Security 手札 Netkiller Web 手札 Netkiller Monitoring 手札
Netkiller Storage 手札 Netkiller Mail 手札 Netkiller Virtualization 手札
Netkiller Cryptography 手札   

以下文檔停止更新合併到 《Netkiller Linux 手札》

Netkiller Debian 手札 Netkiller CentOS 手札 Netkiller Multimedia 手札    

致讀者

Netkiller 系列電子書始於 2000 年,風風雨雨走過20年,將在 2020 年終結,之後不在更新。作出這種決定原因很多,例如現在的閲讀習慣已經轉向短視頻,我個人的時間,身體健康情況等等......

感謝讀者粉絲這20年的支持

雖然電子書不再更新,後面我還會活躍在知乎社區和微信公眾號

目錄

1. 自述
1.1. 本文目的
1.2. 內容簡介
1.3. 讀者對象
1.4. 作者簡介
1.5. 打賞(Donations)
1. Introduction
1.1. Linux 發行版本
1.1.1. Linux 下載排名
1.1.2. Debian 衍生版本
1.1.3. Redhat 衍生版本
1.1.4. FreeBSD 包風格的Linux 發行版
1.2. CentOS 8
1.3. 早起版本
1.3.1. Scientific Linux
1.3.2. Redhat Linux
1.3.3. CentOS 6
1.3.4. 5.x 減肥
1.3.5. 6.x Mini 安裝後需要做的一些事
I. System Administrator
3. 獲取系統信息
3.1. Distribution information
3.2. System Infomation
3.2.1. Cpu Bit
3.3. shutdown
3.4. Profile
3.4.1. shell
3.5. 環境預設值
3.5.1. 顯示所有配置項
3.5.2. 切換版本
3.5.3. 使用 alternatives 管理自己的軟件版本
4. Kernel
4.1. 編譯安裝內核
4.2. sysctl - configure kernel parameters at runtime
4.2.1. sysctl.d
4.2.2. vm.overcommit_memory
4.2.3. TCP 擁塞控制算法
4.3. /sys
4.3.1. /sys/class/net/
4.4. /proc
4.4.1. 查看系統版本
4.4.2. 進程內存監控
4.4.3. ulimit 狀態
5. Kernel modules
5.1. modprobe - program to add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel
6. Package Management
6.1. APT 包管理
6.1.1. apt-cache
6.1.1.1. search
6.1.1.2. depends
6.1.1.3. policy
6.1.1.4. 查看所屬鏡像
6.1.2. Apt-Get
6.1.2.1. Search
6.1.2.2. Installation
6.1.2.3. Update
6.1.2.4. Remove
6.1.2.5. purge
6.1.3. aptitude
6.1.4. Automatic Updates
6.1.4.1. 升級過程中連結中斷怎麼辦?
6.1.5. 更換 api 源鏡像
6.1.5.1. Ubuntu 18.04
6.1.6. dpkg
6.1.6.1. -i|--install 安裝.deb包
6.1.6.2. -r|--remove 卸載.deb包
6.1.6.3. -L|--listfiles <package> ... List files `owned' by package(s). 列出包中的檔案
6.1.6.4. -l|--list [<pattern> ...] List packages concisely. 列出.deb包
6.1.6.5. Status
6.1.6.6. dpkg-deb - Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool
6.1.6.7. dpkg-reconfigure
6.1.7. Upgrading
6.1.7.1. GUI
6.1.7.2. CLI
6.1.7.3. CDROM
6.1.8. 製作.deb安裝包
6.1.8.1. checkinstall — Track installation of local software, and produce a binary manageable with your package management software.
6.1.8.2. dh_make - prepare Debian packaging for an original source archive
6.1.8.3. control
6.2. snap - Tool to interact with snaps
6.2.1. 安裝 snap
6.2.2. 列出已經安裝的snap包
6.2.3. 搜索要安裝的snap包
6.2.4. 安裝snap包
6.2.5. 更新snap包
6.2.6. 把一個包還原到以前安裝的版本
6.2.7. 刪除snap包
6.2.8. 查詢最近做的操作日誌
6.3. DNF 包管理
6.3.1. 安裝 epel-release 包
6.3.2. DNF 軟件庫管理
6.3.3. 顯示系統中可用的 DNF 軟件庫
6.3.3.1. 查看系統中所有的 DNF 軟件庫(包括禁用狀態)
6.3.4. 列出所有 RPM 包
6.3.4.1. 查看已經安裝包
6.3.4.2. 列出可用的軟件包
6.3.4.3. 顯示重複內容
6.3.5. 搜索軟件庫中的包
6.3.6. 查看軟件包詳情
6.3.7. 查找某一檔案的提供者
6.3.8. 刪除軟件包
6.4. yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified 包管理
6.4.1. Yum Resource & Yum Mirror
6.4.1.1. fastestmirror
6.4.1.2. Fedora resource
6.4.1.3. rpmforge-release
6.4.1.4. atomic
6.4.1.5. famillecollet
6.4.1.6. rpmfind.net
6.4.1.7. pkgs.org
6.4.1.8. China Resource
6.4.1.9. 製作本地共享源
6.4.2. yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified
6.4.2.1. YUM 源管理
6.4.2.2. install
6.4.2.3. localinstall
6.4.2.4. list
6.4.2.5. search
6.4.2.6. update / upgrade
6.4.2.7. remove
6.4.2.8. installed
6.4.2.9. group
6.4.2.10. 查看包的依賴關係
6.4.2.11. provides / whatprovides
6.4.3. rpm - RPM Package Manager
6.4.3.1. install/upgrade/remove
6.4.3.2. query
6.4.4. rpmbuild - Build RPM Package(s)
6.4.4.1. RPM_directory_macros
6.4.4.2. --define 專遞模板變數
6.4.4.3. defattr
6.4.4.4. GPG 簽名
6.4.4.5. 使用 CMake3 編譯並創建RPM包
6.4.4.6. FAQ
6.5. Homebrew
6.6. 清理安裝包
7. Device information 設備信息
7.1. dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer
7.2. smartctl - Control and Monitor Utility for SMART Disks
7.3. CPU 資源管理
7.3.1. lscpu - display information about the CPU architecture
7.3.2. chcpu - configure CPUs
7.4. lspci - list all PCI devices
7.5. lshw - list hardware
7.5.1. only show a certain class of hardware
7.6. hwinfo - Hardware Information
7.7. dmidecode - DMI table decoder
7.8. ethtool - Display or change ethernet card settings
7.9. usb device
7.10. lsscsi - list SCSI devices (or hosts) and their attributes
7.11. HBA
7.12. lsblk - list block devices
7.13. kudzu - detects and configures new and/or changed hardware on a system
7.14. numactl - Control NUMA policy for processes or shared memory
7.15. udev - Linux dynamic device management
8. 區域/語言/時間
8.1. Ubuntu
8.1.1. time zone
8.1.2. to change system date/time
8.1.2.1. NTP Server
8.1.3. Language
8.2. CentOS 區域設置
8.2.1. 時區設置 CentOS 6
8.2.1.1. 查看當前時區 /etc/sysconfig/clock
8.2.1.2. tzselect - select a timezone
8.2.1.3. 修改時區並立即生效
8.2.2. 時區設置 CentOS 7
8.2.3. 日期、時間
8.2.3.1. rdate - get the time via the network
8.2.4. 語言
9. console / terminal 控制台與終端
9.1. serial console
9.2. console timeout
9.3. TUI (Text User Interface)
9.4. framebuffer
10. Harddisk 磁碟管理
10.1. 查看分區分區 UUID
10.2. 通過 UUID 或 標籤 查詢設備檔案
10.3. Label
10.3.1. Ext2
10.3.1.1. 查看卷標
10.3.1.2. 更改卷標
10.4. swap 交換分區
10.4.1. swapon failed: Invalid argument
10.5. Show partition
10.6. Create partition
10.7. Clone partition
10.8. estimate disk / directory / file space usage
10.9. Convert from ext3 to ext4 File system
10.10. GPT
10.10.1. 設置GTP磁碟
10.10.2. 查看分區
10.10.3. 創建分區
10.10.4. 刪除分區
10.10.5. 退出
10.10.6. mount
10.11. loop devices
10.11.1. losetup - set up and control loop devices
10.12. Linux磁碟分區加密
11. Removable Storage
11.1. usb flash
11.2. CD / DVD
11.2.1. Mount an ISO file
11.2.2. create iso file from CD
11.2.3. burner
11.2.4. ISO Mirror
12. File System 檔案系統
12.1. /etc/fstab
12.1.1. /etc/fstab 例子
12.2. Mount partition
12.2.1. Mount
12.2.2. Umount
12.2.3. bind directory
12.3. ext2
12.4. ext3
12.5. ReiserFS
12.6. EXT4
12.6.1. install
12.6.2. format
12.6.3. label
12.6.4. mount/umount
12.6.5. LVM 卷
12.7. LVM
12.8. Btrfs
12.8.1. /etc/fstab
12.8.2. btrfs
12.8.3. Mount Btrfs
12.8.3.1. Mount Snap
12.8.3.2. fstab
12.8.4. subvolumes
12.8.5. snapshot
12.8.6. btrfsctl
12.8.6.1. Resizes the filesystem
12.8.6.2. Snapshot
12.8.7. btrfs-vol
12.8.8. btrfs-convert
12.8.9. btrfsck
12.8.10. btrfs-debug-tree
12.9. zfs
12.10. iSCSI
12.10.1. GFS
12.11. GFS - Cluster Storage
12.12. glusterfs
12.13. RAM FS
12.14. tmpfs
12.15. ftp fs
12.16. SSHFS (sshfs - filesystem client based on SSH File Transfer Protocol)
12.17. davfs2 - mount a WebDAV resource as a regular file system
12.18. redisfs
12.19. File system test
12.19.1. ext4 vs btrfs
12.19.2. xfs vs jfs vs reiserfs
12.19.3. RAID10 (146G*8) vs EMC VNX 5300 (8G Fibre Channel)
12.19.4. Dell 2950(RAID5 500G SATA * 6) vs MD1200
12.20. 磁碟占用100%刪除檔案後不是放的解決方法
13. Networking 網絡管理
13.1. hosts
13.1.1. /etc/hostname
13.1.2. hostnamectl - Control the system hostname
13.1.3. /etc/host.conf
13.1.4. /etc/hosts
13.1.5. hosts.allow / hosts.deny
13.1.6. /etc/resolv.conf
13.2. Network adapter 網絡適配器
13.2.1. 介面名稱
13.3. Ethernet Interfaces 乙太網介面
13.3.1. ifquery
13.3.2. DHCP
13.3.3. CentOS
13.3.4. Ubuntu
13.4. Gateway 設置預設網關
13.4.1. CentOS
13.5. 配置 DNS
13.5.1. 常規 DNS 配置 /etc/resolv.conf
13.5.2. 安全 DNS 配置
13.5.2.1. 啟用 DNS over TLS
13.5.2.2. 啟用 DNSSEC
13.5.2.3. 同時啟用 DNS over TLS 和 DNSSEC
13.5.2.4. 配置 NetworkManager
13.6. IP forwarding(IP轉發)
13.7. bonding
13.7.1. bonding
13.7.2. Ubuntu
13.8. brctl
13.9. Wireless - WiFi 配置
13.9.1. rfkill - tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices
13.9.2. iwlist - Get more detailed wireless information from a wireless interface
13.9.3. iwconfig - configure a wireless network interface
13.9.4. /proc/net/wireless
13.10. CentOS 8
13.10.1. nmtui - Text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager
13.10.2. nmcli - command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager
13.10.2.1. 查看連接狀態
13.10.2.2. 查看介面狀態
13.10.2.3. 添加介面
13.10.2.4.
13.10.2.5. 停止介面
13.10.2.6.
13.10.2.7. 顯示設備信息
13.11. 網絡檢查命令
13.11.1. ping
13.11.2. Finding optimal MTU
13.11.3. ss - another utility to investigate sockets
13.12. Ubuntu netplan (Ubuntu 18.04 之後才用 netplan 管理網絡)
13.13. Linux IP And Router
13.13.1. netmask
13.13.1.1. iptab
13.13.1.2. netmask - a netmask generation and conversion program
13.13.2. arp - manipulate the system ARP cache
13.13.2.1. display hosts
13.13.2.2. delete a specified entry
13.13.2.3. /proc/net/arp
13.13.2.4. /etc/ethers
13.13.3. iproute2
13.13.3.1.
13.13.3.2. 添加路由
13.13.3.3. 刪除路由
13.13.3.4. 變更路由
13.13.3.5. 替換已有的路由
13.13.3.6. 增加預設路由
13.13.3.7. cache
13.13.4. 策略路由
13.13.5. 負載均衡
13.13.6. MASQUERADE
13.13.7. ip tunnel
13.13.8. VLAN
13.13.9. Zebra
14. Logging 日誌
14.1. rsyslog
14.1.1. rsyslog.conf
14.2. logrotate - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
14.2.1. /etc/logrotate.conf
14.2.2. /etc/logrotate.d/
14.2.2.1. 日誌配置
14.2.2.2. create 創建日誌檔案,指定用於與訪問權限
14.2.2.3. postrotate
14.3. syslog-ng
14.4. syslog, klogctl - read and/or clear kernel message ring buffer; set console_loglevel
14.4.1. /etc/sysconfig/syslog
14.4.2. /etc/syslog.conf
14.4.3. logger
14.4.4. To Log Messages Over UDP Network
14.5. 掛載日誌卷
14.5.1. 子卷掛載
14.5.2. 使用過個子卷
14.5.3. /etc/fstab配置
15. 服務管理
15.1. systemd, init - systemd system and service manager
15.1.1. 電源管理
15.1.2. rc.local
15.1.3. is-enabled 查看當前服務的啟用狀態
15.1.4. 重載 systemd
15.1.5. 列出啟動失敗的服務
15.1.6. list-units
15.2. 定時器單元
15.3. Debian/Ubuntu
15.3.1. update-rc.d - install and remove System-V style init script links
15.3.2. invoke-rc.d - executes System-V style init script actions
15.3.3. runlevel
15.3.4. sysv-rc-conf
15.3.5. xinetd - replacement for inetd with many enhancements
15.3.5.1. tftpd
15.3.6. Scheduled Tasks
15.3.6.1. crontab - maintain crontab files for individual users
15.3.6.2. at, batch, atq, atrm - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution
15.3.7. sv - control and manage services monitored by runsv
15.3.7.1. runsv
15.3.7.2. runsvdir
15.4. CentOS 6
15.4.1. service
15.4.1.1. chkconfig
15.4.2. xinetd.d
15.4.2.1. tftpd
15.4.2.2. rsync
15.4.2.3. rshd
15.4.3. rpcinfo
15.4.4. SELINUX
16. Process 進程管理
16.1. top - display Linux tasks
16.1.1. 查找內存消耗最大的進程
16.2. ps - report a snapshot of the current processes
16.2.1. 完整的顯示命令參數
16.2.2. 顯示進程之間的關係
16.2.3. ps axef
16.2.4. ps -eo pid,cmd
16.2.5. ps jax
16.2.6. 殭屍進程
16.2.7. 查找內存消耗最大的進程
16.2.8. 指定輸出項
16.3. mpstat
16.4. pid
16.4.1. pgrep, pkill - look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes
16.4.2. pidof -- find the process ID of a running program.
16.5. jobs
16.5.1. &
16.5.2. Ctrl + Z
16.5.3. jobs
16.5.4. fg / bg
16.5.5. nohup - run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
16.5.6. wait 等待後台任務運行結束
16.6. ionice - get/set program io scheduling class and priority
16.7. Utilities for managing processes on your system
16.7.1. pstree - display a tree of processes
16.7.2. fuser - identify processes using files or sockets
16.8. /proc 目錄與進程的關係
16.8.1. /proc/進程ID
16.8.2. /proc/*/fd/ 進程所打開的檔案
17. Permission 權限管理
17.1. User 用戶管理
17.1.1. 添加用戶
17.1.2. 刪除用戶
17.1.3. 修改用戶組
17.1.4. 賬號加鎖與解鎖
17.1.4.1. /etc/passwd
17.2. Group
17.2.1. Add a new group
17.2.2. Add a user to the group
17.2.3. /etc/group
17.2.4. gpasswd - administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
17.3. umask
17.4. Access Permissions
17.4.1. chown - change file owner and group
17.4.2. chgrp - change group ownership
17.4.3. chmod - change file access permissions
17.5. chattr - change file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
17.6. su - run a shell with substitute user and group IDs
17.7. runuser - run a command with substitute user and group ID
17.8. sudo, sudoedit - execute a command as another user
17.8.1. /etc/sudoers
17.8.2. /etc/sudoers
17.8.3. 設置示例
17.8.4. NOPASSWD
17.8.5. 允許或禁止命令
17.8.6. Cmnd_Alias 用法
17.8.7. wheel 組
17.8.8. 注意事項
17.9. ACL - Access Control List
17.9.1. getfacl - get file access control lists
17.9.2. setfacl - set file access control lists
17.9.2.1. set
17.9.2.2. default
17.9.2.3. remove
17.9.2.4. backup and restore
18. /etc
18.1. getent 用來察看系統的資料庫中的相關記錄
18.1.1. 主機名
18.1.2. 用戶組
18.1.3. 查看連接埠
18.1.4. shadow 密碼
18.2. /etc/inputrc
18.3. /etc/shells
19. kickstart
19.1. install kickstart
19.2. ks.cfg
19.3. boot 參數
20. System Utilities 配置工具
20.1. CentOS 6
20.1.1. system-config-date
20.1.2. system-config-firewall
20.1.3. system-config-securitylevel
20.1.4. system-config-language
20.1.5. system-config-keyboard
20.1.6. system-config-network
20.1.7. ntsysv
20.1.8. lokkit
20.1.9. system-config-kdump
20.1.10. system-config-services
20.1.11. authconfig-tui
21. crontab 定時任務
21.1. /etc/crontab
II. Shell
22. Bash Shell
22.1. 快捷鍵
22.2. bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
22.2.1. -n 檢查腳本是否有語法錯誤
22.2.2. -x 顯示詳細運行過程
22.3. Introduction
22.3.1. chsh - change login shell
22.3.2. 切換身份
22.3.3. I/O 重定向
22.3.3.1. stdout
22.3.3.2. error 重定向
22.3.3.3. 使用塊記錄日誌
22.3.3.4. tee - read from standard input and write to standard output and files
22.3.3.5. 創建檔案
22.3.3.6. 快速清空一個檔案的內容
22.3.4. pipes (FIFOs)
22.3.5. mktemp - create a temporary file or directory 臨時目錄與檔案
22.3.6. History 命令歷史記錄
22.3.6.1. .bash_history
22.3.6.2. .mysql_history
22.3.7. hash - hash database access method
22.3.8. prompt
22.4. variable
22.4.1. 系統變數
22.4.1.1. 命令行參數傳遞
22.4.1.2. $n $# $0 $?
22.4.1.3. $? 程序運行返回值
22.4.1.4. shift 移位
22.4.2. 表達式
22.4.3. Internal Environment Variables
22.4.3.1. $RANDOM 隨機數
22.4.3.2. 與 history 有關的環境變數
22.4.4. set 設置變數
22.4.5. unset 變數銷毀
22.4.6. 設置變數預設值
22.4.7. export 設置全局變數
22.4.8. declare
22.4.9. Numerical 數值運算
22.4.10. Strings 字元串操作
22.4.10.1. ##/#
22.4.10.2. %%/%
22.4.10.3. 字元串截取
22.4.10.4. #
22.4.10.5. example
22.4.10.6. 計算字元串長度
22.4.10.7. 字元串查找替換
22.4.11. Array 數組
22.4.11.1. for 與 array
22.4.11.2. while 與 array
22.4.11.3. array 與 read
22.4.11.4. 拆分字元串並轉換為數組
22.4.11.5. 數組轉為字元串
22.4.12. read 賦值多個變數
22.4.13. eval
22.4.14. typeset
22.5. conditions if and case
22.5.1. if
22.5.2. case
22.6. Loops for, while and until
22.6.1. for
22.6.2. while
22.6.3. until
22.7. Functions
22.7.1. Local variables
22.8. User interfaces
22.8.1. input
22.9. subshell
22.10. Example
22.10.1. 有趣的Shell
22.10.2. backup
22.10.3. CPU 核心數
22.10.4. Password
22.10.5. processes
22.10.5.1. pid
22.10.5.2. kill
22.10.5.3. pgrep
22.10.6. Shell 技巧
22.10.6.1. 行轉列,再批評
22.10.6.2. for vs while
22.10.6.3. 遍歷字元串
22.10.7. to convert utf-8 from gb2312 code
22.10.8. 使用內存的百分比
22.10.9. 合併apache被cronlog分割的log檔案
22.10.10. Linux 交集 差集 並集
23. Z Shell
23.1. installing Z shell
23.2. Oh My ZSH!
23.3. Starting file
23.3.1. ~/.zshrc
23.4. Prompting
23.5. Aliases
23.6. History
23.7. FAQ
23.7.1. Home/End key
24. Berkeley UNIX C shell (csh)
24.1.
25. KornShell
25.1.
26. Shell command
26.1. Help Commands
26.1.1. man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals
26.1.1.1. manpath.config
26.1.1.2. 查看man手冊位置
26.1.1.3. 指定手冊位置
26.2. getconf - Query system configuration variables
26.3. test 命令
26.3.1. 判斷目錄
26.4. Directory and File System Related
26.4.1. dirname
26.4.2. filename
26.4.2.1. 排除副檔名
26.4.2.2. 取副檔名
26.4.3. test - check file types and compare values
26.4.4. file — determine file type
26.4.5. stat
26.4.6. mkdir - make directories
26.4.7. rename
26.4.8. touch
26.4.9. truncate
26.4.10. ls - list directory contents
26.4.10.1. full-time / time-style 定義日期時間格式
26.4.11. cp - copy files and directories
26.4.11.1. copy directories recursively
26.4.11.2. overwrite an existing file
26.4.11.3. -a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all
26.4.12. rm - remove files or directories
26.4.12.1. -bash: /bin/rm: Argument list too long
26.4.12.2. zsh: sure you want to delete all the files in /tmp [yn]?
26.4.13. df - report file system disk space usage
26.4.14. du - estimate file space usage
26.4.15. tac - concatenate and print files in reverse
26.4.16. split - split a file into pieces
26.4.16.1. 按行分割檔案
26.4.16.2. 按尺寸分割檔案
26.4.17. find - search for files in a directory hierarchy
26.4.17.1. name
26.4.17.2. regex
26.4.17.3. user
26.4.17.4. perm
26.4.17.5. type
26.4.17.6. -delete
26.4.17.7. exec
26.4.17.8. 排除目錄
26.4.17.9. -mmin n File's data was last modified n minutes ago.
26.4.17.10. -ctime
26.4.17.11. -mtime / -mmin
26.4.17.12. --newer
26.4.17.13. -print / -printf
26.4.17.14. -size
26.4.17.15. -path
26.4.17.16. 目錄深度控制
26.4.17.17. -maxdepth
26.4.17.18. xargs
26.5. package / compress and decompress
26.5.1. tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
26.5.1.1. tar examples
26.5.1.2. gunzip
26.5.1.3. b2zip
26.5.1.4. compress
26.5.1.5. .xz 檔案
26.5.1.6. -t, --list
26.5.1.7. tar: Removing leading `/’ from member names
26.5.1.8. -C, --directory=DIR
26.5.1.9. --exclude
26.5.1.10. -T
26.5.1.11. 日期過濾
26.5.1.12. 保留權限
26.5.1.13. -r, --append
26.5.1.14. 遠程傳輸
26.5.1.15. 分卷壓縮
26.5.2. cpio - copy files to and from archives
26.5.3. gzip
26.5.4. zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files
26.5.5. bzip2, bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor
26.5.6. RAR
26.5.7. 7-Zip
26.5.7.1. 壓縮
26.5.7.2. 瀏覽壓縮包
26.5.7.3. 解壓
26.5.7.4. Creates self extracting archive.
26.5.8. RAR
26.5.9. xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
26.6. date and time
26.6.1. 日期格式
26.6.1.1. weekday name
26.6.2. -d --date=
26.6.2.1. 日期偏移量
26.6.2.2. 時間偏移
26.6.3. 時間戳
26.6.4. RFC 2822
26.6.5. UTC
26.7. Numeric
26.7.1. 數值運算
26.7.2. seq - print a sequence of numbers
26.7.3. bc - An arbitrary precision calculator language
26.8. Text Processing
26.8.1. iconv - Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another
26.8.1.1. cconv - A iconv based simplified-traditional chinese conversion tool
26.8.1.2. uconv - convert data from one encoding to another
26.8.2. 字元串處理命令expr
26.8.3. cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output
26.8.3.1. -s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
26.8.3.2. -v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
26.8.4. nl - number lines of files
26.8.5. tr - translate or delete characters
26.8.5.1. 替換字元
26.8.5.2. 英文大小寫轉換
26.8.5.3. [CHAR*] 和 [CHAR*REPEAT]
26.8.5.4. -s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character
26.8.5.5. -d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate
26.8.6. cut - remove sections from each line of files
26.8.7. printf - format and print data
26.8.8. Free `recode' converts files between various character sets and surfaces.
26.8.9. /dev/urandom 隨機字元串
26.8.10. col - filter reverse line feeds from input
26.8.11. apg - generates several random passwords
26.8.12. head/tail
26.8.13. 反轉字元串或檔案內容
26.8.14. TAB符號與空格處理
26.8.14.1. expand - convert tabs to spaces
26.8.14.2. unexpand - convert spaces to tabs
26.9. grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern
26.9.1. 刪除空行
26.9.2. -v, --invert-match
26.9.3. Output control
26.9.3.1. -o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN
26.9.3.2. 遞歸操作
26.9.3.3. -c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE
26.9.4. Context control
26.9.4.1. -A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context
26.9.4.2. -B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context
26.9.4.3. -C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context
26.9.4.4. --color
26.9.5. Regexp selection and interpretation
26.9.5.1. .*
26.9.5.2. 2010:(13|14|15|16)
26.9.5.3. []與{}
26.9.5.4. -P, --perl-regexp Perl正則表達式
26.9.6. fgrep
26.9.7. egrep
26.10. sort - sort lines of text files
26.10.1. 對列排序
26.10.2. -s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
26.11. uniq
26.12. 表格操作/行列轉換
26.12.1. column - columnate lists
26.12.2. paste - merge lines of files
26.12.3. join
26.13. standard input/output
26.13.1. xargs - build and execute command lines from standard input
26.13.1.1. 格式化
26.13.1.2. standard input
26.13.1.3. -I 替換操作
26.13.1.4. -n, --max-args=MAX-ARGS use at most MAX-ARGS arguments per command line
26.13.1.5. -t, --verbose print commands before executing them
26.13.1.6. -d, --delimiter=CHARACTER items in input stream are separated by CHARACTER, not by whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing
26.13.1.7. -0, --null items are separated by a null, not whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing
26.13.1.8. -r, --no-run-if-empty if there are no arguments, then do not run COMMAND; if this option is not given, COMMAND will be
26.13.1.9. -p, --interactive prompt before running commands
26.14. flock - manage locks from shell scripts
26.15. 進制轉換 - 16進制 - 8進制 - 二進制
26.15.1. od - dump files in octal and other formats
26.15.1.1. 16進制
26.15.1.2. 使用 od 隨機生成密碼
26.15.2. hexdump, hd -- ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump
26.15.3. xxd - make a hexdump or do the reverse.
26.15.3.1. 指定每行的列數
26.15.3.2. 跳過位元組
26.15.4. binutils
26.15.4.1. strings - print the strings of printable characters in files.
26.16. Logging
26.16.1. logger - a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module
26.17. Password
26.17.1. Shadow password suite configuration.
26.17.2. newusers - update and create new users in batch
26.17.3. chpasswd - update passwords in batch mode
26.17.4. sshpass - noninteractive ssh password provider
26.18. 信息摘要
26.18.1. cksum, sum -- display file checksums and block counts
26.18.2. md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
26.18.3.
26.19. envsubst - substitutes environment variables in shell format strings
28. Utility Programs
28.1. ed, red - text editor
28.2. vim
28.2.1. 查找與替換
28.2.2. 插入檔案
28.2.3. 批處理
28.2.3.1. vi 批處理
28.2.4. line()
28.2.5. set fileformat
28.3. awk
28.3.1. 處理列
28.3.2. printf
28.3.3. Pattern(字元匹配)
28.3.3.1. Pattern, Pattern
28.3.4. Built-in Variables (NR/NF)
28.3.4.1. NR
28.3.4.2. NF
28.3.4.3. 練習
28.3.5. Built-in Functions
28.3.5.1. length
28.3.5.2. toupper() 轉為大寫字母
28.3.5.3. tolower() 轉為小寫字母
28.3.5.4. rand() 隨機數生成
28.3.6. 過濾相同的行
28.3.7. 數組演示
28.4. sed
28.4.1. 查找與替換
28.4.1.1. 正則
28.4.1.2. aaa="bbb" 提取bbb
28.4.1.3. 首字母大寫
28.4.2. insert 插入字元
28.4.3. 追加字元
28.4.4. 修改字元
28.4.5. 刪除字元
28.4.5.1. delete
28.4.6. 行操作
28.4.7. 編輯檔案
28.4.8. 正則表達式
28.4.9. 管道操作
28.4.10. 字母大小寫轉換
28.4.11. perl
28.5. CURL - transfer a URL
28.5.1. 基本用法
28.5.2. 提交表單數據
28.5.3. 上傳檔案
28.5.4. connect-timeout
28.5.5. max-time
28.5.6. compressed
28.5.7. vhosts
28.5.8. -w, --write-out <format> 輸出格式定義
28.5.9. -A/--user-agent <agent string>
28.5.10. referer
28.5.11. -v
28.5.12. -o, --output FILE Write output to <file> instead of stdout
28.5.13. -L, --location
28.5.14. -H/--header <line> Custom header to pass to server (H)
28.5.14.1. Last-Modified / If-Modified-Since
28.5.14.2. ETag / If-None-Match
28.5.14.3. Accept-Encoding:gzip,defalte
28.5.14.4. HOST
28.5.14.5. HTTP 認證
28.5.14.6. Accept
28.5.14.7. Content-Type
28.5.15. curl-config
28.5.16. 指定網絡介面或者地址
28.5.17. Cookie 處理
28.5.18. Restful 應用 JSON 數據處理
28.5.18.1. Curl Oauth2
28.5.18.2. Curl + Oauth2 + Jwt
28.5.19. 訪問自簽名證書
28.5.20. HTTP2
28.5.21. FAQ
28.6. expect
28.6.1. 模擬登錄 telnet 獲取Cisco配置
28.6.2. 模擬登錄 ssh
28.6.3. SCP
28.6.4. openssl 例子
28.7. expect-lite - quick and easy command line automation tool
28.8. sshpass - noninteractive ssh password provider
28.9. Klish - Kommand Line Interface Shell (the fork of clish project)
28.9.1. 安裝Klish
28.9.2. 為用戶指定clish作為預設Shell
28.9.3. FAQ
28.9.3.1. clish/shell/shell_expat.c:36:19: fatal error: expat.h: No such file or directory
28.10. Limited command Shell (lshell)
28.11. Wget - The non-interactive network downloader.
28.11.1. Logging and input file
28.11.1.1. -i, --input-file=FILE download URLs found in local or external FILE.
28.11.2. 下載相關參數
28.11.2.1. -O, --output-document=FILE write documents to FILE 保存到檔案
28.11.3. HTTP options (HTTP 選項)
28.11.3.1. --post-data=STRING use the POST method; send STRING as the data.
28.11.3.2. header HTTP頭定義
28.11.4. Recursive download
28.11.4.1. -r, --recursive specify recursive download.
28.11.4.2. -m, --mirror shortcut for -N -r -l inf --no-remove-listing.
28.11.5. --no-passive-ftp disable the "passive" transfer mode.
28.11.6. 下載一組連續的檔案名
28.12. TUI
28.12.1. screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
28.12.2. tmux — terminal multiplexer
28.12.3. byobu - wrapper script for seeding a user's byobu configuration and launching a text based window manager (either screen or tmux)
28.12.4. htop - interactive process viewer
28.12.5. elinks
28.12.6. chat
28.13. jq - Command-line JSON processor
28.14. parallel - build and execute shell command lines from standard input in parallel
28.15. multitail
29. Shell Terminal
29.1. terminal
29.1.1. resize - set TERMCAP and terminal settings to current xterm window size
29.1.2. tset, reset - terminal initialization
29.1.3. stty - change and print terminal line settings
29.2. tput
29.2.1. Change the prompt color using tput
29.3. dialog
29.3.1. --inputbox
29.4. whiptail - display dialog boxes from shell scripts
29.4.1. --msgbox
29.4.2. --infobox
29.4.3. --yesno
29.4.4. --inputbox
29.4.5. --passwordbox
29.4.6. --textbox
29.4.7. --checklist
29.4.8. --radiolist
29.4.9. --menu
29.4.10. --gauge
III. Network Application
30. Networking 網絡管理
30.1. hosts
30.1.1. /etc/hostname
30.1.2. hostnamectl - Control the system hostname
30.1.3. /etc/host.conf
30.1.4. /etc/hosts
30.1.5. hosts.allow / hosts.deny
30.1.6. /etc/resolv.conf
30.2. Network adapter 網絡適配器
30.2.1. 介面名稱
30.3. Ethernet Interfaces 乙太網介面
30.3.1. ifquery
30.3.2. DHCP
30.3.3. CentOS
30.3.4. Ubuntu
30.4. Gateway 設置預設網關
30.4.1. CentOS
30.5. 配置 DNS
30.5.1. 常規 DNS 配置 /etc/resolv.conf
30.5.2. 安全 DNS 配置
30.5.2.1. 啟用 DNS over TLS
30.5.2.2. 啟用 DNSSEC
30.5.2.3. 同時啟用 DNS over TLS 和 DNSSEC
30.5.2.4. 配置 NetworkManager
30.6. IP forwarding(IP轉發)
30.7. bonding
30.7.1. bonding
30.7.2. Ubuntu
30.8. brctl
30.9. Wireless - WiFi 配置
30.9.1. rfkill - tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices
30.9.2. iwlist - Get more detailed wireless information from a wireless interface
30.9.3. iwconfig - configure a wireless network interface
30.9.4. /proc/net/wireless
30.10. CentOS 8
30.10.1. nmtui - Text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager
30.10.2. nmcli - command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager
30.10.2.1. 查看連接狀態
30.10.2.2. 查看介面狀態
30.10.2.3. 添加介面
30.10.2.4.
30.10.2.5. 停止介面
30.10.2.6.
30.10.2.7. 顯示設備信息
30.11. 網絡檢查命令
30.11.1. ping
30.11.2. Finding optimal MTU
30.11.3. ss - another utility to investigate sockets
30.12. Ubuntu netplan (Ubuntu 18.04 之後才用 netplan 管理網絡)
30.13. Linux IP And Router
30.13.1. netmask
30.13.1.1. iptab
30.13.1.2. netmask - a netmask generation and conversion program
30.13.2. arp - manipulate the system ARP cache
30.13.2.1. display hosts
30.13.2.2. delete a specified entry
30.13.2.3. /proc/net/arp
30.13.2.4. /etc/ethers
30.13.3. iproute2
30.13.3.1.
30.13.3.2. 添加路由
30.13.3.3. 刪除路由
30.13.3.4. 變更路由
30.13.3.5. 替換已有的路由
30.13.3.6. 增加預設路由
30.13.3.7. cache
30.13.4. 策略路由
30.13.5. 負載均衡
30.13.6. MASQUERADE
30.13.7. ip tunnel
30.13.8. VLAN
30.13.9. Zebra
31. OpenNTPD
31.1. install
31.1.1. ntpd - Network Time Protocol (NTP) daemon
31.1.2. Ubuntu
31.1.3. ntpdate
31.2. ntpdate
31.2.1. CentOS 7
31.2.2. CentOS 6
31.3. ntpd.conf / ntp.conf
31.3.1. server 配置
31.3.2. ntp 安全設置
31.4. ntpstat - show network time synchronisation status
31.5. ntpq - standard NTP query program
32. DHCP
32.1. DHCP Server
32.2. dhclient
32.3. release matching connections
33. DNS/Bind
33.1. 安裝 bind9
33.2. forwarders
33.3. Load Balancing
33.4. view
33.5. Master / Slave
33.5.1. master /etc/named.conf
33.5.1.1. /var/named/example.com.zone
33.5.1.2. /var/named/example.com.zone
33.5.2. slave /etc/named.conf
33.5.3. FAQ
33.5.3.1. Master 更改後 Slave 不同步
33.5.3.2. Master 與 Slave 的 Test
33.6. DNS tools
33.6.1. dig - DNS lookup utility
33.6.1.1. any
33.6.1.2. ns
33.6.1.3. A
33.6.1.4. mx
33.6.1.5. cname
33.6.1.6. txt
33.6.1.7. -x addr 反向解析
33.6.1.8. web dig
33.6.2. nslookup - query Internet name servers interactively
33.6.2.1. 刷新 DNS 解析緩存
33.6.2.2. 查看NS記錄
33.6.2.3. Mx 記錄
33.6.2.4. txt
33.7. DNS
33.7.1. OpenDNS
33.7.2. Google DNS
33.8. NamedManager
34. dnsmasq
34.1. Install
34.1.1. CentOS / Redhat
34.1.2. Debian / Ubuntu
34.1.3. Firewall 設置
34.2. /etc/dnsmasq.conf
34.3. dnsmasq.resolv.conf
34.4. dnsmasq.hosts
34.5. /etc/dnsmasq.d/dnsmasq.server.conf
34.6. /etc/dnsmasq.d/dnsmasq.address.conf
34.6.1. 域名劫持
34.7. FAQ
35. rinetd — internet “redirection server”
35.1. rinetd install
35.1.1. ubuntu
35.1.2. centos
35.2. rinetd.conf
35.3. 防禦腳本
35.4. rinetd.log
36. News Group (innd)
36.1. Ubuntu
36.2. CentOS
36.3. User Authentication
36.4. usenet 管理
36.5. 通過SSL連接
36.6. src.rpm 安裝
36.7. 常用新聞組
37. IRC - Internet Relay Chat
37.1. IRC Protcol
37.2. IRC Commands
37.3. ircd-irc2 - The original IRCNet IRC server daemon
37.4. ircd-hybrid
37.5. IRC Client
37.5.1. Irssi - a modular IRC client for UNIX
37.5.1.1. 安裝 Irssi
37.5.1.2. irssi 命令參數
37.5.1.3. network
37.5.1.4. server
37.5.2. ircII - interface to the Internet Relay Chat system
37.5.3. HydraIRC
37.5.4. XChat
37.5.5. F-IRC
37.6. Web IRC
37.6.1. QuakeNet Web IRC
37.6.2. freenode
37.6.3. Web IRC
37.6.4. hackint
38. jabber XMPP
38.1. ejabberd - Distributed, fault-tolerant Jabber/XMPP server written in Erlang
38.1.1. ejabberdctl
38.2. tigase
38.3. Openfire
38.4. DJabberd
38.5. freetalk - A console based Jabber client
38.6. library
38.6.1. python-xmpp
39. Proxy Server
39.1. Apache Proxy
39.2. Squid - Internet Object Cache (WWW proxy cache)
39.2.1. 源碼安裝
39.2.2. debian/ubuntu 安裝
39.2.3. 配置
39.2.3.1. 正向代理
39.2.3.2. 代理伺服器
39.2.3.3. Squid作為反向代理Cache伺服器(Reverse Proxy)
39.2.3.4. 代理+反向代理
39.2.4. Squid 管理
39.2.4.1. squidclient
39.2.4.2. reset cache
39.2.5. 禁止頁面被Cache
39.2.6. Squid 實用案例
39.2.6.1. Squid Apache/Lighttpd 在同一台伺服器上
39.2.6.2. 用非 root 用戶守護 Squid
39.2.7. squid+icap+clamav
39.3. Web page proxy
39.3.1. Surrogafier
39.3.2. CGIproxy
39.3.3. PHPProxy
39.3.4. BBlocked
39.3.5. Glype
39.3.6. Zelune
39.4. Socks/Socks5
39.4.1. Socks5
39.4.2. dante-server - SOCKS (v4 and v5) proxy daemon(danted)
39.4.3. SSH Socks5 Tunnel
39.4.4. hpsockd - HP SOCKS server
39.4.5. Shadowsocks - A secure socks5 proxy, designed to protect your Internet traffic.
39.4.5.1. Server
39.4.5.2. ssserver 命令
39.4.5.3. Client
40. Firewall
40.1. TCP/IP 相關內核配置項
40.1.1. net.ipv4.ip_forward
40.1.2. net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all
40.2. iptables - administration tools for packet filtering and NAT
40.2.1. Getting Started
40.2.1.1. CentOS/Redhat TUI 工具
40.2.2. 用戶自定義規則連
40.2.2.1. Chains List
40.2.2.2. Chains Refresh
40.2.2.3. Chains Admin
40.2.2.4. 重置
40.2.3. Protocols 協議
40.2.4. Interfaces 網絡適配器介面
40.2.5. 源IP地址
40.2.6. Ports 連接埠
40.2.6.1. range
40.2.6.2. multiport
40.2.7. NAT
40.2.7.1. Redirect
40.2.7.2. Postrouting and IP Masquerading
40.2.7.3. Prerouting
40.2.7.4. DNAT and SNAT
40.2.7.5. DMZ zone
40.2.8. Module(模組)
40.2.8.1. IPTables and Connection Tracking
40.2.8.2. string
40.2.8.3. connlimit
40.2.8.4. recent
40.2.8.5. limit
40.2.8.6. nth
40.2.8.7. random 模組
40.2.9. IPV6
40.2.10. iptables-xml - Convert iptables-save format to XML
40.2.11. access.log IP封鎖腳本
40.2.12. Example
40.2.12.1. INPUT Rule Chains
40.2.12.2. OUTPUT Rule Chains
40.2.12.3. Forward
40.2.12.4. Malicious Software and Spoofed IP Addresses
40.2.12.5. /etc/sysconfig/iptables 操作系統預設配置
40.3. ulogd - The Netfilter Userspace Logging Daemon
40.4. ufw - program for managing a netfilter firewall
40.4.1. /etc/default/ufw
40.4.2. ip_forward
40.4.3. DHCP
40.4.4. Samba
40.5. CentOS 7 Firewalld
40.5.1. 如果你不習慣使用firewalld想用回Iptables
40.5.2. 安裝 firewalld
40.5.3. firewalld 配置檔案
40.5.3.1. 規則配置檔案
40.5.3.2. 服務配置檔案
40.5.3.3. 區域配置檔案
40.5.4. firewall-cmd
40.5.4.1. 查看版本號
40.5.4.2. 查看幫助
40.5.4.3. 顯示狀態
40.5.4.4. 重新載入防火牆規則
40.5.4.5. 持久化
40.5.4.6. 檢查配置正確性
40.5.4.7. 日誌選項
40.5.4.8. 拒絶所有包
40.5.4.9. 直接模式
40.5.5. 區域
40.5.5.1. 查看區域
40.5.5.2. 查看預設區域
40.5.5.3. 設置預設區域
40.5.5.4. 查看區域對應的網絡介面
40.5.5.5. 查看指定區域的所有配置
40.5.5.6. 查看所有區域的配置信息
40.5.5.7. 刪除區域
40.5.5.8. 區域介面
40.5.5.9. 更在區域介面
40.5.6. 連接埠操作
40.5.6.1. 開放連接埠
40.5.6.2. 查看連接埠狀態
40.5.6.3. 禁用連接埠
40.5.6.4. 指定連接埠協議
40.5.6.5. 連接埠轉發
40.5.6.6. IP 轉發
40.5.7. 服務
40.5.7.1. 查看可用的伺服器
40.5.7.2. 啟用服務
40.5.7.3. 禁用服務
40.5.7.4. 指定區域添加服務
40.5.7.5. 查詢服務狀態
40.5.7.6. 查看持久化服務
40.5.8. IP 偽裝
40.5.8.1. 開啟 IP 偽裝
40.5.8.2. 查看 IP 偽裝
40.5.8.3. 關閉 IP 偽裝
40.5.9. 富規則
40.6. Shorewall
40.6.1. Installation Instructions
40.6.1.1. Install using RPM
40.6.1.2. Install using apt-get
40.6.2. Configuring Shorewall
40.6.2.1. zones
40.6.2.2. policy
40.6.2.3. interfaces
40.6.2.4. masq
40.6.2.5. rules
40.6.2.6. params
40.7. Firewall GUI Tools
40.8. Endian Firewall
40.9. Smooth Firewall
40.10. Sphirewall
41. Stunnel - universal SSL tunnel
42. OpenSSH
42.1. 安裝 OpenSSH
42.2. /etc/ssh/
42.2.1. IP地址限制
42.2.2. sshd_config
42.2.2.1. Authentication 配置
42.2.2.2. Automatic SSH / SSH without password
42.2.2.3. disable password authentication
42.2.2.4. GSSAPI options
42.2.2.5. 忽略known_hosts檔案
42.2.2.6. UseDNS no
42.2.2.7. 禁止root用戶登錄
42.2.2.8. 限制SSH驗證重試次數
42.2.2.9. 禁止證書登陸
42.2.2.10. 使用證書替代密碼認證
42.2.2.11. 圖形窗口客戶端記憶密碼的問題
42.2.2.12. 用戶白名單權限控制
42.2.2.13. 用戶黑名單控制
42.2.2.14. 組白名單權限
42.2.2.15. 組黑名單權限
42.2.2.16. 禁止SSH連接埠映射
42.2.3. ssh_config
42.2.3.1. ForwardAgent
42.2.4. ~/.ssh/config
42.3. ssh client
42.3.1. -o option 參數詳解
42.4. OpenSSH Tunnel
42.4.1. SOCKS v5 Tunnel
42.5. ssh-keygen — authentication key generation, management and conversion
42.5.1. .ssh/known_hosts
42.6. ssh-keyscan
42.7. ssh-copy-id - install your public key in a remote machine's authorized_keys
42.8. ssh-agent
42.8.1. ssh-add
42.8.2. Lock / Unlock agent
42.8.3. Set lifetime (in seconds) when adding identities.
42.9. OpenSSH for Windows
42.9.1. Putty Client
42.10. Google Authenticator - Android Apps on Google Play
42.11. 禁止SSH密碼窮舉
42.12. FAQ
42.12.1. Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
42.12.2. 去掉 passphrase
42.12.3. 打印調試信息
43. VPN (Virtual Private Network)
43.1. OpenVPN (openvpn - Virtual Private Network daemon)
43.1.1. 安裝 OpenVPN Server
43.1.1.1. 源碼安裝
43.1.1.2. Ubuntu
43.1.1.3. CentOS
43.1.2. Easy-RSA 3
43.1.2.1. 吊銷用戶證書
43.1.2.2. 導出 PKCS 7/PKCS 12 證書
43.1.2.3. 查看請求檔案
43.1.2.4. 查看證書
43.1.2.5. 導入 req 檔案
43.1.2.6. 更新資料庫
43.1.2.7. Easy-RSA 2 吊銷(revoke)用戶證書
43.1.3. Openvpn Client
43.1.4. OpenVPN GUI for Windows
43.1.4.1. Windows Server
43.1.4.2. Windows Client
43.1.5. point-to-point VPNs
43.1.6. VPN 案例
43.1.6.1. server and client vpn
43.1.6.2. Ethernet Bridging Example
43.1.6.3. IDC Example
43.1.7. OpenVPN安全
43.2. pptpd
43.2.1. Server 服務端
43.2.2. Client 客戶端
43.2.2.1. 創建賬號
43.2.2.2. 內核模組安裝
43.2.2.3. 撥入VPN
43.2.2.4. 路由配置
43.2.3. FAQ
43.2.3.1. 800 錯誤
43.2.3.2. 測試 PPTP 連接埠
43.2.3.3. debug
43.3. l2tpd - dummy package for l2tpd to xl2tpd transition
43.4. strongswan - IPSec utilities for strongSwan
43.4.1. 安裝 strongswan VPN 伺服器
43.4.2. 防火牆配置
43.4.3. 配置 IPSEC
43.4.4. Windows 10 VPN 客戶端配置
43.4.5. FAQ
43.4.5.1. 查看證書信息
43.5. openswan - IPSEC utilities for Openswan
43.6. Ipsec VPN
43.6.1. ipsec-tools - IPsec tools for Linux
43.7. N2N VPN
43.8. Hypersocket VPN
44. Point to Point
44.1. download
44.1.1. rtorrent - ncurses BitTorrent client based on LibTorrent
44.1.2. mldonkey-server - Door to the 'donkey' network
44.1.3. amule - client for the eD2k and Kad networks, like eMule
IV. Web Application
45. Nginx
45.1. Installing
45.1.1. Netkiller OSCM 一鍵安裝 (CentOS 7)
45.1.2. Installing by apt-get under the debain/ubuntu
45.1.3. CentOS
45.1.3.1. spawn-fcgi script
45.1.3.2. php-fpm
45.1.3.3. fastcgi backend
45.1.4. installing by source
45.1.5. CentOS 7
45.1.6. Mac
45.1.6.1. php-fpm
45.1.7. rotate log
45.1.7.1. log shell
45.1.7.2. /etc/logrotate.d/nginx
45.2. Nginx 命令
45.2.1. -V show version and configure options then exit
45.2.2. -t : test configuration and exit
45.2.3. test configuration, dump it and exit
45.3. nginx.conf 配置檔案
45.3.1. 處理器配置
45.3.2. events 配置
45.3.3. http 配置
45.3.3.1. 緩衝區相關設置
45.3.3.2. 超時設置
45.3.3.3. gzip
45.3.3.4. server_tokens
45.3.3.5. ssi
45.3.4. Nginx 變數
45.3.4.1. $host
45.3.4.2. http_user_agent
45.3.4.3. http_referer
45.3.4.4. request_filename
45.3.4.5. request_uri
45.3.4.6. remote_addr
45.3.4.7. http_cookie
45.3.4.8. request_method
45.3.4.9. limit_except
45.3.4.10. invalid_referer
45.3.4.11. $request_body - HTTP POST 數據
45.3.4.12. 自定義變數
45.3.4.13. if 條件判斷
45.3.5. server
45.3.5.1. listen
45.3.5.2. 單域名虛擬主機
45.3.5.3. ssl 虛擬主機
45.3.5.4. server_name 配置
45.3.5.5. location
45.3.5.6. root 通過$host智能匹配目錄
45.3.5.7. expires
45.3.5.8. access
45.3.5.9. autoindex
45.3.5.10. try_files
45.3.5.11. add_header
45.3.5.12. client_max_body_size 上傳檔案尺寸限制
45.3.5.13. return
45.3.6. rewrite
45.3.6.1. 處理泛解析
45.3.6.2. 處理副檔名
45.3.6.3. http get 參數處理
45.3.6.4. 正則取非
45.3.6.5. 去掉副檔名
45.3.6.6. 添加副檔名
45.3.7. HTTP2 配置 SSL證書
45.3.7.1. 自頒發證書
45.3.7.2. spdy
45.3.7.3. HTTP2
45.3.7.4. 用戶訪問 HTTP時強制跳轉到 HTTPS
45.3.7.5. SSL 雙向認證
45.3.8. upstream 負載均衡
45.3.8.1. weight 權重配置
45.3.8.2. backup 實現熱備
45.3.9. Proxy
45.3.9.1. proxy_cache
45.3.9.2. rewrite + proxy_pass
45.3.9.3. request_filename + proxy_pass
45.3.9.4. $request_uri 與 proxy_pass 聯合使用
45.3.9.5. try_files 與 proxy_pass 共用
45.3.9.6. Proxy 與 SSI
45.3.9.7. Host
45.3.9.8. expires
45.3.9.9. X-Forwarded-For
45.3.9.10. X-Sendfile
45.3.9.11. proxy_http_version
45.3.9.12. proxy_set_header
45.3.9.13. proxy_pass_request_headers 透傳 Header
45.3.9.14. timeout 超時時間
45.3.9.15. example
45.3.10. fastcgi
45.3.10.1. spawn-fcgi
45.3.10.2. php-fpm
45.4. Nginx module
45.4.1. stub_status
45.4.2. sub_filter 頁面中查找和替換
45.4.3. auth_basic
45.4.3.1. 使用 htpasswd 生幾個密碼檔案
45.4.3.2. 使用 openssl 生成密碼
45.4.4. valid_referers
45.4.5. ngx_http_flv_module
45.4.6. ngx_http_mp4_module
45.4.7. limit_zone
45.4.8. image_filter
45.4.9. ngx_stream_proxy_module
45.4.10. ngx_http_mirror_module
45.4.11. limit_except
45.4.12. geoip_country_code
45.5. Example
45.5.1. Nginx + Tomcat
45.5.2. 攔截index.html
45.5.3. Session 的 Cookie 域處理
45.6. FAQ
45.6.1. 405 Not Allowed?
45.6.2. 502 Bad Gateway?
45.6.3. 413 Request Entity Too Large
45.6.4. 502 Bad Gateway?
45.6.5. 499 Client Closed Request
45.6.6. proxy_pass
45.6.7. proxy_pass SESSION 丟失問題
45.6.8. [alert] 55785#0: *11449 socket() failed (24: Too many open files) while connecting to upstream
45.6.9. server_name 與 SSI 注意事項
45.6.10. location 跨 document_root 引用,引用 document_root 之外的資源
45.6.11. nginx: [warn] duplicate MIME type "text/html" in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
45.6.12. 127.0.0.1:8080 failed
46. Apache Tomcat
46.1. Tomcat 安裝與配置
46.1.1. Tomcat 6
46.1.1.1. tomcat-native
46.1.1.2. 啟動腳本
46.1.2. Tomcat 7
46.1.2.1. Server JRE
46.1.2.2. Tomcat
46.1.3. Java 8 + Tomcat 8
46.1.3.1. systemctl 啟動腳本
46.1.3.2. Session 共享
46.1.4. 防火牆配置
46.1.5. 同時運行多實例
46.1.6. Testing file
46.1.7. mod_jk
46.1.8. mod_proxy_ajp
46.1.9. RewriteEngine 連接 Tomcat
46.1.10. SSL 雙向認證
46.2. 配置 Tomcat 伺服器
46.2.1. server.xml
46.2.1.1. Connector
46.2.1.2. Context
46.2.2. tomcat-users.xml
46.2.3. context.xml
46.2.3.1. Resources
46.2.3.2. session cookie
46.2.4. logging.properties
46.2.5. catalina.properties
46.3. 虛擬主機配置
46.3.1. 方案一
46.3.2. 方案二
46.3.3. Alias 別名
46.3.4. access_log
46.3.5. Context 配置
46.3.6. 主機綁定IP地址
46.4. SSI
46.5. Logging 日誌
46.5.1. 開啟 debug 模式
46.5.2. 切割 catalina.out 日誌
46.6. Init.d Script
46.6.1. Script 1
46.6.2. Shell Script 2
47. Apache httpd
47.1. Install
47.1.1. Quick install apache with aptitude
47.1.1.1. command
47.1.1.2. rewrite module
47.1.1.3. PHP module
47.1.1.4. deflate module
47.1.1.5. ssl module
47.1.1.6. VirtualHost
47.1.1.7. ~userdir module - /public_html
47.1.1.8. PHP 5
47.1.2. CentOS 6
47.1.2.1. Install
47.1.2.2. Uninstall
47.1.2.3. Configure
47.1.2.4. Starting
47.1.2.5. FAQ
47.1.3. Compile and then install Apache
47.1.3.1. Apache 安裝與配置
47.1.3.2. 優化編譯條件
47.1.3.3. PHP
47.1.3.4. Automation Installing
47.1.4. XAMPP
47.1.4.1. XAMPP for Linux
47.1.4.2. php5
47.2. Module
47.2.1. Output a list of modules compiled into the server.
47.2.2. Core
47.2.2.1. Listen
47.2.2.2. Filesystem and Webspace
47.2.2.3. Etag
47.2.2.4. 隱藏 Apache 版本信息
47.2.3. mpm
47.2.3.1. event
47.2.3.2. worker
47.2.4. Apache Log
47.2.4.1. LogLevel
47.2.4.2. LogFormat
47.2.4.3. Compressed
47.2.4.4. rotatelogs - Piped logging program to rotate Apache logs
47.2.4.5. cronolog
47.2.4.6. 日誌合併
47.2.4.7. 日誌歸檔
47.2.4.8. logger
47.2.4.9. other
47.2.5. mod_access
47.2.6. VirtualHost
47.2.6.1. ServerName/ServerAlias
47.2.6.2. rotatelogs
47.2.7. Alias / AliasMatch
47.2.8. Redirect / RedirectMatch
47.2.9. Rewrite
47.2.9.1. R=301
47.2.9.2. Rewrite + JkMount
47.2.9.3. Apache redirect domain.com to www.domain.com
47.2.9.4. 正則匹配副檔名
47.2.10. Proxy
47.2.10.1. Reverse proxy
47.2.11. Deflate
47.2.11.1. 測試 gzip,deflate 模組
47.2.12. Expires
47.2.12.1. FilesMatch
47.2.12.2. Cache-Control
47.2.12.3. ETag
47.2.13. Cache
47.2.13.1. mod_disk_cache
47.2.13.2. mod_mem_cache
47.2.14. usertrack
47.2.15. Charset
47.2.16. Dir
47.2.17. Includes
47.2.18. Apache Status
47.2.19. Mod Perl
47.2.20. mod_pagespeed -
47.2.21. Module FAQ
47.2.22. mod_setenvif
47.2.23. PHP 程序安全問題 php_admin_value
47.2.24. mod_spdy
47.3. 設置Apache實現防盜連
47.4. .htaccess
47.5. Error Prompt
47.5.1. Invalid command 'Order', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration
47.5.2. Invalid command 'AuthUserFile', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration
48. Lighttpd
48.1. 安裝Lighttpd
48.1.1. quick install with aptitude
48.1.2. yum install
48.1.3. to compile and then install lighttpd
48.1.3.1. shell script
48.2. /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
48.2.1. max-worker / max-fds
48.2.2. accesslog.filename
48.2.3. ETags
48.2.4. server.tag
48.3. Module
48.3.1. simple_vhost
48.3.2. ssl
48.3.3. redirect
48.3.4. rewrite
48.3.4.1. Lighttpd Rewrite QSA
48.3.5. alias
48.3.6. auth
48.3.7. compress
48.3.8. expire
48.3.9. status
48.3.10. setenv
48.3.10.1. Automatic Decompression
48.3.11. fastcgi
48.3.11.1. enable fastcgi
48.3.11.2. PHP
48.3.11.3. Python
48.3.11.4. Perl
48.3.11.5. Ruby
48.3.11.6. UNIX domain sockets
48.3.12. user-agent
48.3.13. spdy
48.4. 其他模組
48.4.1. mod_secdownload 防盜鏈
48.5. Example
48.5.1. s-maxage
49. Resin
49.1. 安裝Resin
49.1.1. 直接使用
49.1.2. Debian/Ubuntu
49.1.3. 源碼安裝Resin
49.2. Compiling mod_caucho.so
49.3. resin.conf
49.3.1. Maximum number of threads
49.3.2. Configures the keepalive
49.3.3. ssl
49.4. virtual hosts
49.4.1. explicit host
49.4.2. regexp host
49.4.3. host-alias
49.4.4. configures a deployment directory for virtual hosts
49.4.5. Resources
49.5. FAQ
49.5.1. java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
50. Application Server
50.1. Zope
50.2. JBoss - JBoss Enterprise Middleware
51. Web Server Optimization
51.1. ulimit
51.1.1. open files
51.2. khttpd
51.3. php.ini
51.3.1. Resource Limits
51.3.2. File Uploads
51.3.3. Session Shared
51.3.4. PATHINFO
51.4. APC Cache (php-apc - APC (Alternative PHP Cache) module for PHP 5)
51.5. Zend Optimizer
51.6. eaccelerator
52. varnish - a state-of-the-art, high-performance HTTP accelerator
52.1. Varnish Install
52.2. varnish utility
52.2.1. status
52.2.2. varnishadm
52.2.2.1. 清除緩存
52.2.3. varnishtop
52.2.4. varnishhist
52.2.5. varnishsizes
52.3. log file
52.4. Varnish Configuration Language - VCL
52.4.1. unset / set
52.5. example
53. Apache Traffic Server
53.1. Install
53.2. Configure
54. Cherokee
54.1. Installing Cherokee
55. Jetty
56. Other Web Server
56.1. Python SimpleHTTPServer
57. web 伺服器排名
57.1. HTTP狀態碼
58. HTTP2
58.1. Chrome
V. Mail Server
59. Mail server constituent
60. mail user agent (MUA)
60.1. mail
60.2. mutt - text-based mailreader supporting MIME, GPG, PGP and threading
60.2.1. 發送郵件
60.2.2. 設置自定義 From
60.3. alpine - Text-based email client, friendly for novices but powerful
60.4. fetchmail - SSL enabled POP3, APOP, IMAP mail gatherer/forwarder
60.5. GPG4WIN
60.6. Evolution
61. exim - meta-package to ease Exim MTA (v4) installation
61.1. install
61.1.1. ubuntu/debian
61.1.1.1. configure
61.1.2. CentOS/Redhat
61.2. exim 命令
61.2.1. 幫助信息
61.2.2. 測試發送郵件
61.2.3. 刷新郵件隊列
61.3. 配置exim
61.3.1. /etc/aliases 別名配置
61.4. FAQ
61.4.1. Mailing to remote domains not supported
62. postfix - High-performance mail transport agent
62.1. install
62.1.1. Ubuntu
62.1.2. CentOS
62.1.3. OSCM 通過配置管理腳本安裝
62.2. 配置 Postfix
62.2.1. 轉發配置
62.2.2. 拒收垃圾郵件
62.2.3. 收件箱配置
62.2.3.1. Mailbox 配置
62.2.3.2. Maildir 配置
62.2.3.3. 傳統Unix風格郵箱配置
62.2.4. 郵件投遞
62.2.5. 隊列配置
62.2.6. 客戶端
62.2.7. SMTP 發送權限相關配置
62.3. aliases
62.4. dkim
62.4.1. 增加域名
62.4.2. 測試
62.5. Rspamd
62.6. /var/log/maillog
62.6.1. 計算每分鐘發送數量日誌統計
62.6.2. 虛假地址統計
62.7. Post 命令
62.7.1. postconf - Postfix configuration utility
62.7.2. postsuper
62.7.3. postqueue - Postfix queue control
62.7.3.1. 列出隊列
62.7.3.2. 刷新隊列
62.7.4. postmulti - Postfix multi-instance manager
62.7.4.1. 綁定IP地址
62.7.4.2. postfix 多實例配置
62.7.4.3. 配置 iptables 讓SMTPD發送郵件時依次輪詢外發IP地址,這樣就不會被封鎖。
62.8. Example
62.8.1. 站內電郵發送
62.8.2. EDM 伺服器
62.8.3. SMTP 郵件發送伺服器
62.9. FAQ
62.9.1. SMTP ERROR: RCPT TO command failed: 501 5.1.3 Bad recipient address syntax
62.9.2. connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2607:f8b0:400e:c00::1a]:25: Network is unreachable
62.9.3. opendkim[5762]: 3012A802C1DD: [49.213.11.18] [49.213.11.18] not internal
62.9.4. opendkim[12578]: 4CC5C802C382: no signature data
62.9.5. /etc/opendkim/keys/default.private: open(): No such file or directory
62.9.6. fatal: parameter inet_interfaces: no local interface found for ::1
62.9.7. NOQUEUE: reject: MAIL from unknown[192.168.3.31]: 552 5.3.4 Message size exceeds fixed limit;
62.9.8. 452 4.3.1 Insufficient system storage
62.9.9. 454 Relay access denied
63. 郵件原文
63.1. Subject Unicode
63.2. TO/CC/BCC
63.3. 正文
63.4. POP Sniffer
63.5. PHP mail()
64. 反垃圾郵件相關
64.1. Sender Policy Framework
64.1.1. 分析 SPF 記錄
64.2. DKIM
64.3. 郵件被拒收處理方法
64.3.1. NetEase
64.3.2. Sohu
64.3.3. Tom
64.3.4. QQ
64.3.5. 21CN
65. Fax
65.1. HylaFAX
66. FAQ
66.1. 通過SSH與控制台不能登錄
VI. Backup, Recovery, and Archiving Solutions
67. Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
67.1. 物理卷管理(physical volume)
67.1.1. pvcreate
67.1.2. pvdisplay
67.1.3. pvs
67.2. 卷組管理(Volume Group)
67.2.1. vgcreate
67.2.2. vgdisplay
67.2.3. vgs
67.2.4. vgchange
67.2.5. vgextend
67.2.6. vgreduce
67.3. 邏輯卷管理(logical volume)
67.3.1. lvcreate
67.3.1.1. snapshot
67.3.2. lvdisplay
67.3.3. lvremove
67.3.3.1. snapshot
67.4. Format
67.5. mount
67.5.1. lv
67.5.2. snapshot
67.6. snapshot backup
68. 檔案傳輸
68.1. 跨伺服器檔案傳輸
68.1.1. scp - secure copy (remote file copy program)
68.1.2. nc - TCP/IP swiss army knife
68.2. wget - retrieves files from the web
68.2.1. 下載所有圖片
68.2.2. mirror
68.2.3. reject
68.2.4. ftp 下載
68.3. axel - A light download accelerator - Console version
69. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
69.1. lftp
69.1.1. pget
69.1.2. lftp 批處理
69.2. ncftp
69.2.1. batch command
69.2.2. ncftpget
69.2.3. ncftpput
69.3. FileZilla
69.4. vsftpd - The Very Secure FTP Daemon
69.4.1. 安裝 vsftpd
69.4.1.1. Ubuntu 環境安裝
69.4.1.2. CentOS 7 環境安裝
69.4.2. ftp 帳號的shell權限
69.4.3. vsftpd 認證模組
69.4.3.1. pam_shells.so
69.4.3.2. virtual user
69.4.3.3. 虛擬用戶權限
69.4.4. chroot
69.4.4.1. local user
69.4.4.2. /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
69.4.4.3. test
69.4.5. FAT
69.4.5.1. vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()
69.5. ProFTPD + MySQL / OpenLDAP 用戶認證
69.5.1. Proftpd + MySQL
69.5.2. Proftpd + OpenLDAP
69.6. Pure-FTPd + LDAP + MySQL + PGSQL + Virtual-Users + Quota
70. File Synchronize
70.1. rsync - fast remote file copy program (like rcp)
70.1.1. 安裝Rsync與配置守護進程
70.1.1.1. install with source
70.1.1.2. install with aptitude
70.1.1.3. xinetd
70.1.1.4. CentOS 7 - systemctl
70.1.2. rsyncd.conf
70.1.3. rsync 參數說明
70.1.3.1. -n, --dry-run perform a trial run with no changes made
70.1.3.2. --bwlimit=KBPS limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second
70.1.3.3. -e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
70.1.4. step by step to learn rsync
70.1.5. rsync examples
70.1.5.1. upload
70.1.5.2. download
70.1.5.3. mirror
70.1.5.4. rsync delete
70.1.5.5. backup to a central backup server with 7 day incremental
70.1.5.6. backup to a spare disk
70.1.5.7. mirroring vger CVS tree
70.1.5.8. automated backup at home
70.1.5.9. Fancy footwork with remote file lists
70.1.6. rsync for windows
70.1.7. 多進程 rsync 腳本
70.2. tsync
70.3. lsyncd
70.3.1. 安裝
70.3.2. 配置 lsyncd.conf
70.3.2.1. lsyncd.conf 配置項說明
70.3.3. 配置演示
70.4. Unison File Synchronizer
70.4.1. local
70.4.2. remote
70.4.3. config
70.5. csync2 - cluster synchronization tool
70.5.1. server
70.5.2. node
70.5.3. test
70.5.4. Advanced Configuration
70.5.5. 編譯安裝
70.6. synctool
71. File Share
71.1. NFSv4
71.1.1. Ubuntu
71.1.1.1. NFSv4 server
71.1.1.2. NFSv4 client
71.1.2. CentOS
71.1.2.1. NFS Server Configuration
71.1.2.2. NFS Client Configuration
71.1.3. exports
71.1.3.1. Permission
71.1.3.2. Parameters
71.1.3.3. 實例參考
71.1.4. NFS For Windows
71.1.5. exportfs - maintain table of exported NFS file systems
71.1.6. macOS
71.1.6.1. 配置 exports
71.1.6.2. 查看共享狀態
71.1.6.3. 掛載共享目錄
71.1.6.4. 服務管理
71.1.7. Parallel NFS(pNFS)
71.2. Samba
71.2.1. install
71.2.1.1. Ubuntu
71.2.1.2. Samba
71.2.1.3. CentOS 7
71.2.1.4. firewall
71.2.1.5. SELinux Configuration
71.2.2. smb.conf
71.2.2.1. Security consideration
71.2.3. testparm - check an smb.conf configuration file for internal correctness
71.2.4. smbstatus - report on current Samba connections
71.2.5. smbpasswd - change a user's SMB password
71.2.6. nmblookup - NetBIOS over TCP/IP client used to lookup NetBIOS names
71.2.7. smbfs/smbmount/smbumount
71.2.8. smbclient - ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers
71.2.8.1. 顯示共享目錄
71.2.8.2. 訪問共享資源
71.2.8.3. 用戶登錄
71.2.9. smbtar - shell script for backing up SMB/CIFS shares directly to UNIX tape drives
71.2.10. by Example
71.2.10.1. share
71.2.10.2. user
71.2.10.3. test
71.2.11. FAQ
71.2.11.1. smbd/service.c:make_connection_snum(1013)
72. Distributed File Systems
72.1. DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device)
72.1.1. disk and partition
72.1.2. Installation
72.1.3. configure
72.1.4. Starting
72.1.5. Using
72.2. Network Block Device protocol
72.2.1. nbd-server - Network Block Device protocol - server
72.2.2. nbd-client - Network Block Device protocol - client
72.3. GridFS
72.3.1. nginx-gridfs
72.3.2. lighttpd-gridfs
72.4. Moose File System
72.4.1. Master server installation
72.4.2. Backup server (metalogger) installation
72.4.3. Chunk servers installation
72.4.4. Users’ computers installation
72.4.5. Testing MFS
72.5. LizardFS
72.6. Ceph
72.6.1. Installation on Ubuntu
72.6.2. Installation on CentOS
72.6.2.1. mon
72.6.2.2. mds
72.6.2.3. osd
72.6.2.4. client
72.6.2.5. RADOS Gateway
72.6.3. Block Devices
72.7. GlusterFS
72.7.1. glusterfs-server
72.7.2. glusterfs-client
72.7.3. Testing
72.7.4. RAID
72.7.4.1. Mirror
72.7.4.2. Strip
72.7.5. Filesystem Administration
72.7.6. CentOS 6.3
72.8. Lustre
72.9. MogileFS
72.10. Kosmos distributed file system (KFS)
72.11. Hadoop - HDFS
72.12. BeeGFS - The Parallel Cluster File System
72.13. Coda
72.14. OpenAFS
73. Shared Storage
73.1. Oracle OCFS2
73.1.1. 安裝
73.2. GFS2
73.3. fam & imon
74. Network Attached Storage(NAS 網絡附加存儲)
74.1. Network Storage - Openfiler
74.1.1. Accounts
74.1.2. Volumes
74.1.2.1. RAID
74.1.2.2. iSCSI
74.1.3. Quota
74.1.4. Shares
74.2. OpenMediaVault
74.3. FreeNAS
75. Backup / Restore
75.1. 備份策略
75.1.1. Incremental backup
75.1.2. Differential backup
75.2. btrbk.noarch : Tool for creating snapshots and remote backups of btrfs sub-volumes
75.3. dump / restore
75.4. Bacula, the Open Source, Enterprise ready, Network Backup Tool for Linux, Unix, Mac and Windows.
75.4.1. Install Backup Server
75.4.2. Install Backup Client
75.5. Amanda: Open Source Backup
75.6. Attic - 擁有重複數據刪除技術的備份軟件
75.6.1. 安裝 Attic
75.6.2. 快速開始
75.7. SafeKeep
75.8. Opendedup
76. inotify
76.1. inotify-tools
76.2. Incron - cron-like daemon which handles filesystem events
76.2.1. incrontab - inotify cron table manipulator
76.2.2. 使用說明
76.2.2.1. mask 參數
76.2.2.2. command 參數
76.3. inotify-tools + rsync
76.4. pyinotify
VII. Monitoring
93. NET SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
93.1. 安裝SNMP
93.1.1. Ubuntu
93.1.1.1. snmpd.conf
93.1.1.2. SNMP v3
93.1.2. CentOS
93.1.2.1. Configure SNMPv3 on CentOS or RHEL
93.2. 配置SNMP
93.2.1. community 配置
93.2.2. 定義可操作的範圍
93.3. SNMP 命令
93.3.1. snmpwalk
93.3.2. snmpget
93.3.3. snmptest
93.4. Cisco MBI
93.4.1. Cisco 3750
93.4.2. Cisco ASA 5550
94. Zabbix
94.1. Installing and Configuring Zabbix
94.1.1. Ubuntu
94.1.2. CentOS Zabbix 2.4
94.1.3. Zabbix 3.x CentOS 7
94.2. web ui
94.2.1. 警告腳本
94.3. zabbix-java-gateway - Zabbix java gateway
94.4. zabbix-agent
94.4.1. Ubuntu
94.4.2. CentOS 7
94.4.3. zabbix_agentd 命令
94.4.4. Nginx status 監控
94.4.5. redis
94.4.6. MongoDB
94.4.6.1. 創建 Mongo 監控用戶
94.4.6.2. Zabbix agentd 配置
94.4.6.3. Zabbix server 測試
94.4.7. PHP-FPM
94.4.7.1. 啟用 php-fpm status 功能
94.4.7.2. 配置 nginx
94.4.7.3. 配置 Zabbix 代理
94.4.7.4. php-fpm 監控參數
94.4.8. Elasticsearch
94.4.8.1. 安裝採集腳本
94.4.8.2. 配置Zabbix代理
94.4.9. Postfix
94.4.9.1. 安裝採集腳本
94.4.9.2. userparameter_postfix.conf
94.4.10. TCP stats
94.4.10.1. 採集腳本
94.4.11. 應用依賴檢查
94.4.12. Oracle
94.4.12.1. 採集腳本
94.4.12.2.
95. Cacti
95.1. Install Cacti for Ubuntu
95.2. Yum 安裝
95.3. Source Install
95.4. Web 安裝
95.5. Cacti plugins
95.5.1. Percona monitoring plugins
95.6. Template
95.6.1. Nginx
95.6.2. php-fpm
95.6.3. MySQL
95.6.4. Redis
95.6.5. Percona JMX Monitoring Template for Cacti
96. Nagios
96.1. Install
96.1.1. Nagios core
96.1.2. Monitor Client nrpe
96.1.3. Monitoring Windows Machines
96.1.4. PNP4Nagios 圖表插件
96.2. nagios
96.3. nrpe node
96.4. 配置 Nagios
96.4.1. authorized
96.4.2. contacts
96.4.3. hostgroups
96.4.4. generic-service
96.4.5. SOUND OPTIONS
96.4.6. SMS 短信
96.4.7. nrpe plugins
96.5. 配置監控設備
96.5.1. routers
96.5.2. host
96.5.3. service
96.5.3.1. http
96.5.3.2. mysql hosts
96.5.3.3. check_tcp
96.6. Nagios Plugins
96.6.1. check_ping
96.6.2. check_procs
96.6.3. check_users
96.6.4. check_http
96.6.5. check_mysql
96.6.5.1. check_mysql
96.6.5.2. mysql.cfg check_mysql_replication
96.6.5.3. nrpe.cfg check_mysql_replication
96.6.6. Disk
96.6.6.1. disk.cfg
96.6.6.2. check_disk
96.6.6.3. disk-smb.cfg
96.6.7. check_tcp
96.6.7.1. 連接埠檢查
96.6.7.2. Memcache
96.6.7.3. Redis
96.6.8. check_log
96.6.9. check_traffic
96.6.10. Nagios nrpe plugins
96.6.11. check_nt
96.6.12. nsca - Nagios Service Check Acceptor
96.6.13. jmx
96.7. FAQ
96.7.1. Macro Name
96.7.2. 插件開發手冊
97. ElasticSearch + Logstash + Kibana
97.1. 安裝
97.1.1. 6.x
97.1.2. ElasticSearch + Logstash + Kibana 安裝
97.1.2.1. ElasticSearch 安裝
97.1.2.2. Kibana 安裝
97.1.2.3. Logstash 安裝
97.1.2.4. 從 5.x 升級到 6.x
97.2. logstash 命令簡單應用
97.2.1. -e 命令行運行
97.2.2. -f 指定配置檔案
97.2.3. -t:測試配置檔案是否正確,然後退出。
97.2.4. -l:日誌輸出的地址
97.2.5. log.level 啟動Debug模式
97.3. 配置 Broker(Redis)
97.3.1. indexer
97.3.2. shipper
97.4. logstash 配置項
97.4.1. input
97.4.1.1. 標準輸入輸出
97.4.1.2. rubydebug
97.4.1.3. 本地檔案
97.4.1.4. TCP/UDP
97.4.1.5. Redis
97.4.1.6. Kafka
97.4.1.7. jdbc
97.4.2. filter
97.4.2.1. 日期格式化
97.4.2.2. patterns
97.4.2.3. syslog
97.4.2.4. csv
97.4.2.5. 使用ruby 處理 CSV檔案
97.4.2.6. 執行 ruby 代碼
97.4.2.7. grok debug 工具
97.4.3. output
97.4.3.1. stdout
97.4.3.2. file 寫入檔案
97.4.3.3. elasticsearch
97.4.3.4. exec 執行腳本
97.5. Example
97.5.1. Spring boot logback
97.5.2. 索引切割實例
97.5.3.
97.5.3.1.
97.6. Beats
97.6.1. 安裝 Beta
97.6.1.1. Beats 6.x 安裝
97.6.1.2. Beats 5.x 安裝
97.6.2. Filebeat
97.7. FAQ
97.7.1. 查看 Kibana 資料庫
97.7.2. logstash 無法寫入 elasticsearch
97.7.3. 標準輸出
97.7.4. 5.x 升級至 6.x 的變化
98. Logs 分析
98.1. log
98.1.1. logwatch
98.1.2. logcheck : Analyzes log files and sends noticeable events as email
98.1.3. nulog
98.2. Web
98.2.1. Apache Log
98.2.1.1. 刪除日誌
98.2.1.2. 統計爬蟲
98.2.1.3. 統計瀏覽器
98.2.1.4. IP 統計
98.2.1.5. 統計域名
98.2.1.6. HTTP Status
98.2.1.7. URL 統計
98.2.1.8. 檔案流量統計
98.2.1.9. URL訪問量統計
98.2.1.10. 腳本運行速度
98.2.1.11. IP, URL 抽取
98.2.2. awstats
98.2.2.1. 語言
98.2.2.2. 輸出HTML文檔
98.2.2.3. 多站點配置
98.2.2.4. 合併日誌
98.2.2.5. Flush history file on disk (unique url reach flush limit of 5000) 優化
98.2.2.6. JAWStats
98.2.3. webalizer
98.2.3.1. 手工生成
98.2.3.2. 批量處理歷史數據
98.2.3.3. crontab
98.2.4. Sarg - Squid Analysis Report Generator
98.2.5. goaccess - Fast web log analyzer and interactive viewer.
98.3. Tomcat
98.3.1. 截取 0-3 點區間的日誌
98.3.2. 監控Redis
98.4. Mail
98.4.1. pflogsumm.pl - Produce Postfix MTA logfile summary
98.5. OpenSSH 日誌 /var/log/secure
98.5.1. 查看登陸用戶
98.6. rinetd.log
98.7. php-syslog-ng
98.8. Log Analyzer
98.9. Splunk
98.10. Octopussy
98.11. eventlog-to-syslog
98.12. Apache Flume
98.12.1. 安裝 Apache flume
98.12.2. 基本配置
98.12.3. 配置 MySQL 存儲日誌
98.12.4. 配置 HDFS 存儲日誌
98.13. graylog - Enterprise Log Management for All
99. MRTG
99.1. Ubuntu 安裝
99.2. CentOS 安裝
99.3. 監控多個設備
99.4. 批量生成監控配置檔案
99.5. 圖片尺寸
100. Munin
100.1. Ubuntu
100.1.1. Installation Monitor Server
100.1.2. Installation Node
100.1.3. Additional Plugins
100.1.4. plugins
100.1.4.1. mysql
100.1.4.2. apache
100.2. CentOS
100.3. 用戶認證
100.4. munin-node and plugins
100.4.1. munin-node.conf
100.4.2. mysql plugin
100.4.3. apache plugin
100.4.4. memcached plugin
100.5. munin.conf
100.6. munin-node
100.6.1. munin-node.conf
101. Ntop
101.1. Installation
101.1.1. Ubuntu
101.1.2. CentOS
101.2. Web UI
101.3. Plugins
101.3.1. NetFlow
102. Bandwidth
102.1. apt-get install
102.2. CentOS rpm/yum
102.3. source code
102.4. /etc/bandwidthd.conf
103. NetFlow
103.1. flow-tools - collects and processes NetFlow data
103.1.1. flow-capture
103.1.2. NetFlow into MySQL with flow-tools
103.2. netams - Network Traffic Accounting and Monitoring Software
103.2.1. netams-web
104. Ganglia
104.1. Server
104.2. Client
104.3. Plugin
104.4. Installing Ganglia on Centos
105. lvs-rrd
106. Observium
106.1. Installation
107. OpenTSDB
108. Graphite
109. Graphite - Scalable Realtime Graphing
110. BIG BROTHER
111. Big Sister
112. OpenNMS
113. Performance Co-Pilot
114. Clumon Performance Monitor
115. Zenoss
116. 商業軟件
117. Hyperic HQ
118. OSSIM,Spiceworks,FireGen,LANSweeper,OSSEC,HIDS
119. HawtIO
120. moloch
121. varnish - a state-of-the-art, high-performance HTTP accelerator
121.1. Varnish Install
121.2. varnish utility
121.2.1. status
121.2.2. varnishadm
121.2.2.1. 清除緩存
121.2.3. varnishtop
121.2.4. varnishhist
121.2.5. varnishsizes
121.3. log file
121.4. Varnish Configuration Language - VCL
121.4.1. unset / set
121.5. example
122. Apache Traffic Server
122.1. Install
122.2. Configure
123. Zipkin 分散式鏈路追蹤
VIII. Server Load Balancing
124. heartbeat
124.1. heartbeat+ldirectord
124.1.1. heartbeat
124.1.2. ldirectord
124.1.3. test
124.2. Pacemaker
125. Linux Virtual Server
125.1. 環境配置
125.2. VS/NAT
125.3. VS/TUN
125.4. VS/DR
125.4.1. 配置檔案
125.4.1.1. Director
125.4.1.2. RealServer
125.5. ipvsadm script
125.6. Timeout
125.7. debug
125.8. ipvsadm monitor
126. keepalived
126.1. 安裝
126.2. test
126.3. HAProxy and Keepalived (Virtual IP)
127. Piranha - Cluster administation tools
127.1. install
127.2. configure
127.3. real server
127.4. Example
127.4.1. Master
127.4.2. Slave
127.4.3. MySQL
128. HAProxy - fast and reliable load balancing reverse proxy
128.1. Installing
128.1.1. Ubuntu
128.1.2. CentOS
128.2. haproxy.cfg
128.2.1. stats
128.2.2. listen 方式
128.2.3. frontend/backend 方式
128.2.4. option
128.2.4.1. httpclose
128.2.4.2. forwardfor
128.2.4.3. httpchk
128.2.5. balance
128.2.6. server
128.3. Example 配置實例
128.3.1. HTTP 配置實例
128.3.1.1. 插入Cookie會話保持
128.3.1.2. HTTP URL 檢查
128.3.2. Squid
128.3.3. haproxy + mysql 配置實例
128.3.4. HTTPS SSL證書卸載配置實例
128.3.5. 使用TCP模式實現SSL穿透
128.3.6. SMTP
129. balance - Load balancing solution and generic tcp proxy
129.1. balance
129.1.1. 編譯安裝
129.1.2. Ubuntu 安裝
129.1.3. 測試安裝是否正確
129.1.4. 用法
129.2. BalanceNG
129.3. RBridge
130. Perlbal
130.1. install
131. Pacemaker
132. Example
132.1. 雙負載均衡的用法
132.2. 單台負載均衡的用法
132.3. 廣域網負載均衡的用法
133. FAQ
133.1. Haproxy 與 Nginx
IX. Distributed Computing
134. Open Source Distributed Computing
134.1. Boinc (berkeley 分散式計算平台)
134.1.1. rc.local
134.2. ubuntu apt-get 安裝
134.3. CentOS 安裝
134.4. boinccmd
134.4.1. attach_project
134.4.2. nomorework | allowmorework 禁止下載任務 / 允許下載任務
135. High performance Computing
135.1. Distributed Computing
135.1.1. OpenMosix
135.1.2. OpenSSI
135.2. Parallel Computing
135.2.1. EnFusion
135.2.2. SCore
135.2.3. Beowulf
137. Tachyon
138. Apache ZooKeeper
138.1. 安裝配置
138.1.1. 單節點安裝
138.1.2. 多節點安裝
138.2. 管理 ZooKeeper
138.2.1. help
138.2.2. ls
138.2.3. create
138.2.4. get
138.2.5. set
138.2.6. delete
139. Message Queuing & RPC
139.1. RabbitMQ
139.1.1. 安裝 RabbitMQ
139.1.1.1. Ubuntu
139.1.1.2. CentOS
139.1.1.3. OSCM 一鍵安裝
139.1.1.4. 檢查連接埠
139.1.2. 配置 RabbitMQ
139.1.2.1. 監聽所有適配器地址
139.1.3. rabbitmqctl - command line tool for managing a RabbitMQ broker
139.1.3.1. change_password
139.1.3.2. list_users
139.1.3.3. 虛擬機管理
139.1.3.4. list_queues
139.1.3.5. list_exchanges
139.1.4. rabbitmq-plugins - command line tool for managing RabbitMQ broker plugins
139.1.4.1. rabbitmq_management
139.1.5. Python - Pika
139.1.6. Ruby amqp
139.2. ZeroMQ
139.2.1. python-zeromq
139.2.1.1. pyzmq
139.2.1.2. example
139.2.2. ruby zmq
139.3. nanomsg
139.4. Gearman
139.4.1. Getting Started with Gearman
139.4.1.1. CentOS
139.4.1.2. Ubuntu
139.4.1.3. 防火牆設置
139.4.2. gearman
139.4.3. Gearman PHP Extension
139.5. Apache Kafka is a distributed publish-subscribe messaging system
139.5.1. 安裝 Kafka
139.5.1.1. 安裝 Kafka用於開發與測試環境
139.5.1.2. 安裝 Kafka 適用於 IDC
139.5.1.3. Kafka 日誌
139.5.1.4. 檢查 Kafka 綫程
139.5.2. 測試 Kafka
139.5.3. 配置 Kafka
139.5.3.1. server.properties
139.5.3.1.1. 外網訪問
139.5.3.2. consumer.properties
139.5.3.2.1. group.id
139.5.3.3. producer.properties
139.5.4. 管理 Kafka
139.5.5. FAQ
139.5.5.1. WARN Error while fetching metadata with correlation id 1 : {test=LEADER_NOT_AVAILABLE} (org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient)
139.5.5.2. Error while executing topic command : Replication factor: 1 larger than available brokers: 0.
139.5.5.3. WARN Connection to node -1 could not be established. Broker may not be available. (org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient)
139.6. Celery
139.7. ActiveMQ
139.8. http://kr.github.io/beanstalkd/
139.9. gRPC
X. Security
140. Authentication
140.1. /etc/login.defs
140.2. PAM 插件認證
140.2.1. pam_tally2.so
140.2.2. pam_listfile.so
140.2.3. pam_access.so
140.2.4. pam_wheel.so
140.3. Network Authentication
140.3.1. Network Information Service (NIS)
140.3.1.1. 安裝NIS伺服器
140.3.1.2. Slave NIS Server
140.3.1.3. 客戶機軟件安裝
140.3.1.4. Authentication Configuration
140.3.1.5. application example
140.3.1.6. Mount /home volume from NFS
140.3.2. OpenLDAP
140.3.2.1. Server
140.3.2.2. Client
140.3.2.3. User and Group Management
140.3.3. Kerberos
140.3.3.1. Kerberos 安裝
140.3.3.2. Kerberos Server
140.3.3.3. Kerberos Client
140.3.3.4. Kerberos Management
140.3.3.5. OpenSSH Authentications
140.3.4. FreeRADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service)
140.3.4.1. 安裝 FreeRADIUS
140.3.4.2. ldap
140.3.4.3. mysql
140.3.4.4. WAP2 Enterprise
140.3.5. SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer)
140.3.6. GSSAPI (Generic Security Services Application Program Interface)
141. SELinux
141.1. getsebool - get SELinux boolean value
141.1.1. HTTP 相關配置
141.2. sestatus - SELinux status tool
141.3. setsebool - set SELinux boolean value
141.4. chcon - change file SELinux security context
141.5. rsync
141.6. 查找被SELINUX禁用服務
141.6.1. Nginx
142. Sniffer
142.1. nmap - Network exploration tool and security / port scanner
142.1.1. 連接埠掃瞄
142.1.2. HOST DISCOVERY
142.1.2.1. -sP: Ping Scan - go no further than determining if host is online
142.1.3. SCAN TECHNIQUES
142.1.3.1. -sU: UDP Scan 掃瞄
142.1.3.2. -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan
142.1.4. PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER
142.1.4.1. -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
142.1.5. SCRIPT SCAN
142.1.5.1. ftp-anon
142.1.5.2. mysql-info
142.1.5.3. http
142.1.5.4. snmp
142.1.5.5. SSHv1
142.1.5.6. --script-updatedb 更新腳本
142.1.6. OS DETECTION
142.1.6.1. -O: Enable OS detection 操作系統探測
142.1.7. OUTPUT
142.1.7.1. --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports 操作系統探測
142.1.8. 排除指定的主機
142.1.9. 查看本地路由與介面
142.1.10. MISC
142.1.10.1. -6: Enable IPv6 scanning
142.1.10.2. -A: Enables OS detection and Version detection, Script scanning and Traceroute
142.1.11. Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE)
142.2. tcpdump - A powerful tool for network monitoring and data acquisition
142.2.1. 監控網絡適配器介面
142.2.2. 監控主機
142.2.3. 監控TCP連接埠
142.2.4. 監控協議
142.2.5. 輸出到檔案
142.2.6. src / dst
142.2.7. 保存結果
142.2.8. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
142.2.9. Flags
142.2.10. 案例
142.2.10.1. 監控80連接埠與icmp,arp
142.2.10.2. monitor mysql tcp package
142.2.10.3. HTTP 包
142.2.10.4. 顯示SYN、FIN和ACK-only包
142.2.10.5. 嗅探 Oracle 錯誤
142.2.10.6. smtp
142.3. cdpr - Cisco Discovery Protocol Reporter
142.4. ncat - Concatenate and redirect sockets
142.4.1. TCP 數據傳輸
142.4.2. UDP 數據傳輸
142.4.3. 始終保持伺服器開啟
142.4.4. 傳輸視頻流
142.5. ngrep - Network layer grep tool
142.5.1. 匹配關鍵字
142.5.2. 指定網絡介面
142.6. Unicornscan,Zenmap,nast
142.7. netstat-nat - Show the natted connections on a linux iptable firewall
142.8. Tcpreplay
142.9. Wireshark
143. sqlmap - automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool
143.1. Installation
143.2. 開始入住實驗
143.2.1. 測試腳本
143.2.2. sqlmap.ini
143.3. Request參數
143.3.1. --method, --data
143.3.2. --cookie
143.3.3. --referer
143.3.4. --user-agent
143.3.4.1. -a
143.3.5. --headers
143.3.6. --referer
143.3.7. auth
143.3.7.1. --auth-type
143.3.7.2. --auth-cred
143.3.8. --proxy
143.3.9. --threads
143.3.10. --delay
143.3.11. --timeout
143.4. Injection
143.4.1. --dbms
143.4.2. --prefix
143.4.3. --postfix
143.4.4. --string
143.4.5. --regexp
143.4.6. --excl-str
143.4.7. --excl-reg
143.5. Techniques
143.5.1. --stacked-test
143.5.2. --time-test
143.5.3. --union-test
143.5.4. --union-tech
143.5.5. --union-use
143.6. Enumeration
143.6.1. dbs
143.6.2. --count
143.6.3. --dump/--dump-all
143.6.4. --sql-query
143.6.5. --sql-shell
143.7. Miscellaneous
143.7.1. --update
143.7.2. --save
144. Vulnerability Scanner
144.1. Nessus
144.2. OpenVAS
145. Injection & Penetration
145.1. Backtrack Linux
146. Lynis Linux 安全性掃瞄工具
146.1. 安裝
146.1.1.
146.2. 開始審計
147. Suricata Engine
148. psad
149. fwknop
150. fwsnort
151. nftables
152. Haka
XI. Configuration Management(配置管理)
153. Ansible - SSH-based configuration management, deployment, and task execution system
153.1. install
153.2. Getting Started
153.3. ansible - run a command somewhere else
153.3.1. host-pattern
153.3.2. -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS module arguments
153.3.3. -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY specify inventory host file (default=/etc/ansible/hosts)
153.3.4. -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME module name to execute (default=command)
153.3.5. -s, --sudo run operations with sudo (nopasswd)
153.3.6. -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER connect as this user (default=root)
153.3.7. 使用實例
153.4. ansible-doc - Show Ansible module documentation
153.5. ansible-playbook - run an ansible playbook
153.5.1. 包含檔案用法
154. Capistrano
155. Puppet
155.1. Installing Puppet CentOS 6.3
155.2. Puppet 簽名
155.2.1. Agent 節點
155.2.2. Master 伺服器
155.3. test
155.3.1. Master
155.3.2. Agent
155.4. 配置檔案
155.4.1. /etc/sysconfig/puppet
155.4.2. /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf
155.5. manifests
155.5.1. node
155.5.2. group, user 用戶組管理
155.5.2.1. group
155.5.2.2. user
155.5.3. file
155.5.3.1. ensure
155.5.3.2. source
155.5.3.3. owner, group, mode
155.5.4. package
155.5.5. service
155.5.6. exec
155.5.7. cron
155.6. modules
155.7. firewall 配置
155.8. debug
155.8.1. master
155.8.2. node
155.9. FAQ
155.9.1. err: Could not request certificate: No route to host - connect(2)
155.9.2. No help available unless you have RDoc::usage installed
156. SaltStack
156.1. 安裝 Salt Stack
156.1.1. 服務端安裝
156.1.2. 客戶端安裝
156.1.3. 防火牆配置
156.1.4. key 管理
156.1.5. 測試
156.1.6. Demo
156.2. salt-key - Salt key is used to manage Salt authentication keys
156.3. salt 命令
156.3.1. cmd
156.3.1.1. cmd.run
156.3.1.2. cmd.script
156.3.2. pkg.install
156.3.3. network.interfaces
156.3.4. salt example
156.4. /etc/salt/master
156.4.1. File Server settings
156.4.2. Pillar settings
156.4.3. Node Groups
156.4.4. File Server Backend
156.5. sls 腳本
156.5.1. pkg
156.5.2. service
156.6. FAQ
156.6.1. Git fileserver backend is enabled in configuration but could not be loaded, is git-python installed
157. Chef
157.1. 安裝 Chef
157.1.1. CentOS
158. Cobbler
159. Cfengine
160. func
161. (R)?ex Deployment & Configuration Management
162. 基于Web的系統管理軟件
162.1. Webmin
162.1.1. webalizer
162.2. ajenti
XII. Virtualization
163. Docker
163.1. Installation
163.1.1. CentOS 8
163.1.1.1. docker-compose
163.1.2. CentOS 6
163.1.3. CentOS 7 docker-ce
163.1.4. Ubuntu
163.1.5. Ubuntu docker-ce
163.1.6. 測試 Docker
163.1.7. 重置 Docker
163.2. 配置 Docker
163.2.1. 開啟遠程訪問
163.2.2. 鏡像配置
163.2.2.1. 臨時選擇鏡像
163.2.2.2. 切換國內鏡像
163.2.3. ulimit 資源
163.3. 鏡像
163.3.1. 搜索鏡像
163.3.2. 獲取鏡像
163.3.3. 列出本地鏡像
163.3.4. tag
163.3.5. 保存和載入鏡像
163.3.6. 刪除本地鏡像
163.3.7. history 鏡像歷史紀錄
163.3.8. 基于 Dockerfile 創建鏡像
163.3.8.1. 創建 Dockerfile 檔案
163.3.8.2. 創建鏡像
163.3.8.3. 運行鏡像
163.3.8.4. 測試 Nginx
163.3.8.5. 提交鏡像
163.3.8.6. Dockerfile 語法
163.4. 容器
163.4.1. 查看容器
163.4.2. 啟動與終止容器
163.4.3. 進入容器
163.4.4. 導出和導入容器
163.4.4.1. Ubuntu
163.4.4.2. Mac 導出與導入
163.4.5. 停止所有容器
163.4.6. 刪除容器
163.4.7. log-driver
163.4.8. 操作系統
163.4.8.1. 設置環境變數
163.4.8.2. /etc/hosts 配置
163.4.8.3. sysctl
163.4.8.4. ulimits
163.4.9. 查看容器內運行的進程
163.4.10. 更新容器資源配置
163.4.11. 查看容器的退出狀態
163.4.12. 暫停與恢復容器
163.4.13. 對比容器的變化
163.4.14. 查看容器狀態
163.5. 卷管理
163.5.1. 列出卷
163.5.2. 創建卷
163.5.3. 掛在鏡像
163.5.4. 檢查卷
163.5.5. 刪除卷
163.5.6. 銷毀所有未使用的卷
163.5.7. 在多個容器間共享卷
163.5.8. 容器綁定本地檔案系統
163.5.9. 只讀權限
163.6. 倉庫
163.6.1. Docker 官方倉庫
163.6.1.1. 登陸倉庫
163.6.1.2. 獲取鏡像
163.6.1.3. 上傳鏡像
163.6.2. 私有倉庫
163.6.2.1. 搭建私有倉庫
163.6.2.2. 推送鏡像到私有倉庫
163.6.2.3. 查詢鏡像
163.6.2.4. registry 鏡像高級配置
163.6.2.5. registry 介面
163.6.3. Harbor
163.7. Swarms
163.7.1. 管理 Swarms
163.7.1.1. 查看 Swarms 版本
163.7.1.2. 初始化 Swarms
163.7.1.3. 顯示 join-token
163.7.1.4. 創建虛擬機
163.7.1.5. 顯示虛擬機列表
163.7.1.6. 設置管理節點
163.7.1.7. 環境變數
163.7.1.8. 切換節點
163.7.1.9. 啟動/停止節點
163.7.1.10. 離線
163.7.2. Stack
163.7.3. 服務
163.7.3.1. 創建 Service
163.7.3.2. 刪除 Service
163.7.3.3. inspect
163.7.4. Docker 網絡
163.7.4.1. 創建 overlay 網絡
163.7.5. swarm 卷管理
163.7.5.1. Host Volumes
163.7.5.2. Named Volumes
163.7.5.3. 共享卷
163.8. docker 命令
163.8.1. docker - A self-sufficient runtime for containers
163.8.1.1. 查看 docker 信息
163.8.1.2. run
163.8.1.3. start / stop / restart
163.8.1.4. ps
163.8.1.5. top
163.8.1.6. inspect
163.8.1.7. images
163.8.1.8. logs
163.8.1.9. 重置 Docker
163.8.1.10. 倉庫操作
163.8.1.11. build
163.8.1.12. 網絡管理
163.8.1.13. 事件信息
163.8.2. docker-compose - Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.
163.8.2.1. 安裝 docker-compose
163.8.2.2. 快速入門
163.8.2.3. 啟動/停止
163.8.2.4. 查看進程
163.8.2.5. 查看日誌
163.8.2.6. 執行命令
163.8.2.7. docker-compose.yml
163.9. Docker Example
163.9.1. registry
163.9.1.1. Auth + SSL
163.9.2. Example Java - Spring boot with Docker
163.9.2.1. 獲取 CentOS 7 鏡像
163.9.2.2. 安裝 openjdk
163.9.2.3. Spring boot 包
163.9.2.4. 啟動 Spring boot 項目
163.9.2.5. 基于 CentOS 7 製作 spring 鏡像
163.9.3. Redis
163.9.3.1. Docker 命令
163.9.3.2. Docker compose
163.9.3.3. Docker Stack
163.9.4. Nginx
163.9.4.1. nginx:latest
163.9.4.2. 安裝 Docker Nginx alpine
163.10. Docker FAQ
163.10.1. 檢查 Docker 是否可用
163.10.2. Bitnami
163.10.3. 刪除 <none> 鏡像
164. Kubernetes
164.1. Minikube
164.1.1. CentOS 8 安裝 minikube
164.1.1.1. CentOS
164.1.1.2. Mac OS
164.1.2. Quickstart
164.1.3. minikube 命令
164.1.3.1. 啟動 minikube
164.1.3.2. 停止 minikube
164.1.3.3. Docker 環境變數
164.1.3.4. SSH
164.1.3.5. 緩存鏡像
164.1.3.6. 清理 minikube
164.1.3.7. Kubernetes 控製麵板
164.1.3.8. service
164.1.3.9. 查看日誌
164.1.3.10. 查看 Docker 環境變數
164.1.3.11. profile
164.1.3.12. addons
164.1.3.13. SSH
164.1.3.14. 查看IP地址
164.1.3.15. addons
164.1.4. FAQ
164.1.4.1. This computer doesn't have VT-X/AMD-v enabled. Enabling it in the BIOS is mandatory
164.1.4.2. ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables
164.1.4.3. ERROR ImagePull
164.1.4.4. 證書已存在錯誤
164.1.4.5. http: server gave HTTP response to HTTPS client
164.1.4.6. provided port is not in the valid range. The range of valid ports is 30000-32767
164.1.4.7. Exiting due to MK_ENABLE: run callbacks: running callbacks: [verifying registry addon pods : timed out waiting for the condition: timed out waiting for the condition]
164.2. microk8s
164.2.1. 安裝 microk8s
164.2.2. kubectl
164.2.3. Kubernetes Addons
164.2.3.1. dashboard
164.3. kubectl - controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.
164.3.1. 如何從 docker 過渡到 kubectl 命令
164.3.2. 查看信息
164.3.2.1. api-versions
164.3.2.2. 節點
164.3.2.3. 查詢集群狀態
164.3.2.4. config
164.3.2.5. cluster-info
164.3.3. namespace 命名空間
164.3.4. label 標籤
164.3.5. pods
164.3.5.1. 查看所有POD
164.3.5.2. 運行 POD
164.3.5.3. pod
164.3.5.4. 刪除 pod
164.3.5.5. 查看 Pod 的事件
164.3.5.6. Taint(污點)和 Toleration(容忍)
164.3.6. expose
164.3.7. 服務管理
164.3.7.1. 列出服務
164.3.7.2. 查看服務詳細信息
164.3.7.3. 更新服務
164.3.7.4. 刪除服務
164.3.7.5. clusterip
164.3.7.6. externalname
164.3.7.7. loadbalancer
164.3.7.8. nodeport
164.3.7.9. serviceaccount
164.3.8. 部署管理
164.3.8.1.
164.3.8.2. 刪除 deployment
164.3.9. 資源管理
164.3.10. 查看 pod 日誌
164.3.11. 執行 Shell
164.3.12. edit
164.3.13. rollout
164.3.14. port-forward 連接埠映射
164.3.15. secret 密鑰管理
164.3.15.1.
164.3.15.2. Private Registry 用戶認證
164.3.15.3. 配置TLS SSL
164.3.16. ConfigMap
164.3.16.1. 創建 Key-Value 配置項
164.3.16.2. 從檔案創建 ConfigMap
164.3.16.3.
164.3.16.4. 查看 ConfigMap
164.3.16.5. 刪除 ConfigMap
164.3.17. Job/CronJob
164.3.17.1. CronJob
164.3.18. explain
164.3.18.1. ingress
164.3.19. 操作系統
164.3.19.1. sysctls
164.4. Rancher - Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Management
164.4.1. 安裝
164.4.1.1. Ubuntu
164.4.1.2. SSL 證書
164.4.1.3. 進入容器
164.4.1.4. Rancher CLI
164.4.1.5. rancher-compose
164.4.2. 快速入門
164.4.2.1. API
164.4.3. Rancher CLI
164.4.3.1. 登陸 Rancher
164.4.3.2. 查看集群
164.4.3.3. 查看節點
164.4.3.4. catalog
164.4.3.5. 查看設置
164.4.4. Rancher Compose
164.4.4.1. Rancher Compose 命令
164.4.4.2. 操作演示
164.4.5. Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE)
164.4.6. Rancher CLI
164.4.7. 調試
164.4.8. FAQ
164.4.8.1. [network] Host [rancher.netkiller.cn] is not able to connect to the following ports: [rancher.netkiller.cn:2379]. Please check network policies and firewall rules
164.5. Helm - The package manager for Kubernetes
164.5.1. 安裝 Helm
164.5.1.1. Ubuntu
164.5.1.2. Mac
164.5.2. 快速開始
164.5.3. Helm 命令
164.5.3.1. 初始化 Helm
164.5.3.2. 查看倉庫列表
164.5.3.3. 搜索
164.5.3.4. 查看包信息
164.5.3.5. 安裝
164.5.3.6. 列表
164.5.3.7. 刪除
164.5.3.8. 升級
164.5.3.9. 回滾
164.5.3.10. 查看狀態
164.5.4. elastic
164.5.5. Helm Faq
164.6. kubectl example
164.6.1. 私有 registry
164.6.2. mongodb
164.6.3. tomcat
164.7. Kubectl YAML
164.7.1. ServiceAccount
164.7.1.1.
164.7.2. 創建命名空間
164.7.3. Pod
164.7.3.1. 指定主機名
164.7.3.2.
164.7.3.3. 健康狀態檢查
164.7.3.4. securityContext
164.7.3.5. Taint(污點)和 Toleration(容忍)
164.7.4. Service
164.7.4.1. 創建服務
164.7.4.2. 查看服務
164.7.4.3. 設置外部IP
164.7.4.4. 綁定外部域名
164.7.4.5.
164.7.4.6. nodePort
164.7.4.7. LoadBalancer
164.7.4.8. Example
164.7.5. ConfigMap
164.7.5.1. Key-Value 配置
164.7.5.2. 環境變數
164.7.5.3. 配置檔案
164.7.6. Volume
164.7.6.1. local
164.7.7. Job
164.7.7.1. 執行單詞任務
164.7.7.2. 計劃任務
164.7.8. Ingress
164.7.8.1. 連接埠
164.7.8.2. URI 規則
164.7.8.3. vhost 虛擬主機
164.7.8.4. rewrite
164.7.8.5. annotations 配置
164.7.8.6. 金絲雀發佈(灰度發佈)
164.7.8.7. 管理 Ingress
164.8. istio
164.8.1. 啟動 istio
164.8.2. 禁用 istio
164.9. Kubeapps
165. Virtual Machine(虛擬機)
165.1. Kernel-based Virtual Machine(KVM)
165.1.1. kvm install usage yum
165.1.1.1. brctl / tunctl
165.1.1.2. virt-install
165.1.2. Ubuntu
165.1.3. CentOS 6.2
165.1.4. Scientific Linux Virtualization
165.1.5. libvirt
165.1.5.1. virsh
165.1.5.2. Virtual Machine Manager
165.1.6. FAQ
165.1.6.1. No hypervisor options were found for this connection
165.1.6.2. 如何判斷當前伺服器是實體機還是虛擬機
165.2. Xen
165.2.1. install
165.2.2. Manager
165.3. OpenVZ
165.3.1. 安裝OpenVZ
165.3.2. 使用OpenVZ & 建立VPS
165.3.2.1. 安裝操作系統模板
165.3.2.2. 創建OpenVZ操作系統節點(VPS)
165.3.3. 設置VPS參數
165.4. vagrant - Tool for building and distributing virtualized development environments
165.4.1. vagrant for windows
165.5. 虛擬機管理
165.5.1. Proxmox - Open-source virtualization management platform Proxmox VE
165.5.2. OpenStack
165.5.3. CloudStack
165.5.4. OpenNode
165.5.5. OpenNEbula
XIII. 軟件項目管理工具
166. TRAC
166.1. Ubuntu 安裝
166.1.1. source code
166.1.2. easy_install
166.1.3. Apache httpd
166.2. CentOS 安裝
166.2.1. trac.ini
166.2.2. standalone
166.2.3. Using Authentication
166.2.4. trac-admin
166.2.4.1. Permissions
166.2.4.2. Resync
166.3. Project Environment
166.3.1. Sqlite
166.3.2. MySQL
166.3.3. Plugin
166.3.3.1. AccountManagerPlugin
166.3.3.2. Subtickets
166.4. trac.ini
166.4.1. repository
166.4.2. attachment 附件配置
166.5. trac-admin
166.5.1. adduser script
166.6. FAQ
166.6.1. TracError: Cannot load Python bindings for MySQL
166.7. Apache Bloodhound
167. Gitlab 項目管理
167.1. GitLab
167.1.1. Yum 安裝 GitLab
167.1.2. Docker 方式安裝 Gitlab
167.1.3. GitLab Runner
167.1.4. 用戶管理
167.1.5. 組管理
167.1.6. 項目管理
167.1.7. 綁定SSL證書
167.1.8. FAQ
167.1.8.1. gitolite 向 gitlab 遷移
167.1.8.2. 修改主機名
167.2. 創建用戶
167.3. 創建組與項目
167.4. 分支管理
167.5. Issue
167.5.1. Milestones 里程碑
167.5.2. Labels 標籤
167.6. 代碼審查
167.7. 合併
167.8. WebHook
167.9. CI / CD
167.9.1. GitLab Runner
167.9.1.1. Install GitLab Runner
167.9.1.2. Registering Runners
167.9.1.3. /etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml
167.9.2. 配置 CI / CD
167.9.3. Pipeline
167.9.3.1. cache
167.9.3.2. before_script
167.9.3.3. stages
167.9.3.4. services
167.9.4. Java
167.9.5. vue.js android
168. Redmine
168.1. CentOS 安裝
168.2. Redmine 運行
168.3. 插件
168.3.1. workflow
169. TUTOS
170. Open Source Requirements Management Tool
171. Jenkins
171.1. 安裝 Jenkins
171.1.1. OSCM 一鍵安裝
171.1.2. Mac
171.1.3. CentOS
171.1.4. Ubuntu
171.1.5. Docker
171.1.6. Minikube
171.2. 配置 Jenkins
171.3. Jenkinsfile
171.3.1. Jenkinsfile - Declarative Pipeline
171.3.1.1. stages
171.3.1.2. script
171.3.1.3. junit
171.3.1.4. withEnv
171.3.1.5. parameters
171.3.1.6. options
171.3.1.7. triggers
171.3.1.8. tools
171.3.1.9. post
171.3.1.10. when 條件判斷
171.3.1.11. 拋出錯誤
171.3.1.12. withCredentials
171.3.1.13. withMaven
171.3.1.14. isUnix() 判斷操作系統類型
171.3.1.15. Jenkins pipeline 中使用 sshpass 實現 scp, ssh 遠程運行
171.3.2. Jenkinsfile - Scripted Pipeline
171.3.2.1. git
171.3.2.2. 切換 JDK 版本
171.3.2.3. groovy
171.3.2.4. Groovy code
171.3.2.5. Ansi Color
171.3.2.6. 寫檔案操作
171.3.2.7. modules 實現模組
171.3.2.8. docker
171.3.2.9. input
171.3.2.10. if 條件判斷
171.3.2.11. Docker
171.3.2.12. conditionalSteps
171.3.2.13. nexus
171.3.3. 設置環境變數
171.3.3.1. 系統環境變數
171.3.4. agent
171.3.4.1. label
171.3.4.2. docker
171.3.4.3. Dockerfile
171.3.5. Steps
171.3.5.1. parallel 平行執行
171.3.5.2. echo
171.3.5.3. catchError 捕獲錯誤
171.3.5.4. 睡眠
171.3.5.5. 限制執行時間
171.3.5.6. 時間截
171.3.6. 版本控制
171.3.6.1. checkout
171.3.6.2. Git
171.3.7. 節點與過程
171.3.7.1. sh
171.3.7.2. Windows 批處理腳本
171.3.7.3. 分配工作空間
171.3.7.4. node
171.3.8. 工作區
171.3.8.1. 變更目錄
171.3.8.2. 判斷檔案是否存在
171.3.8.3. 分配工作區
171.3.8.4. 清理工作區
171.3.8.5. 遞歸刪除目錄
171.3.8.6. 寫檔案
171.3.8.7. 讀檔案
171.4. Jenkins Job DSL / Plugin
171.5. Jenkins Plugin
171.5.1. Blue Ocean
171.5.2. Locale Plugin (國際化插件)
171.5.3. github-plugin 插件
171.5.4. Docker
171.5.4.1. 設置 Docker 主機和代理
171.5.4.2. 持久化
171.5.5. JaCoCo
171.5.5.1. Pipeline
171.5.6. SSH Pipeline Steps
171.5.7. Rancher
171.5.8. Kubernetes 插件
171.5.8.1. Kubernetes
171.5.8.2. Kubernetes :: Pipeline :: Kubernetes Steps
171.5.8.3. Kubernetes Continuous Deploy
171.5.8.4. Kubernetes Cli
171.5.9. HTTP Request Plugin
171.5.10. Skip Certificate Check plugin
171.5.11. Android Sign Plugin
171.6. Jenkinsfile Pipeline Example
171.6.1. Maven 子模組範例
171.6.2. 使用指定鏡像構建
171.6.3. 命令行製作 Docker 鏡像
171.6.4. Yarn
171.6.5. Android
172. SonarQube
173. Phabricator - an open source, software engineering platform
174. Gerrit
175. TeamCity
XIV. 軟件版本控制
176. Git - Fast Version Control System
176.1. Repositories 倉庫管理
176.1.1. initial setup
176.1.2. checkout
176.1.3. Creating and Commiting
176.1.4. Manager remote
176.1.5. Status
176.1.6. Diff
176.1.6.1. --name-only 僅顯示檔案名
176.1.7. Cloning
176.1.8. Push
176.1.9. Pull
176.1.10. fetch
176.1.11. Creating a Patch
176.1.12. reset
176.2. Manipulating branches
176.2.1. list branches
176.2.2. create branches
176.2.3. delete branches
176.2.4. switch branch
176.2.5. git-show-branch - Show branches and their commits
176.3. Sharing Repositories with others
176.3.1. Setting up a git server
176.3.2. 修改 origin
176.3.3. 刪除 origin
176.4. Submodule 子模組
176.4.1. 添加模組
176.4.2. checkout 子模組
176.4.3. 刪除子模組
176.5. Git Large File Storage
176.5.1. 安裝 LFS 支持
176.5.2. LFS lock
176.6. command
176.6.1. hash-object
176.6.2. git-add - Add file contents to the index
176.6.3. git-status - Show the working tree status
176.6.4. git-commit - Record changes to the repository
176.6.5. git-show - Show various types of objects
176.6.6. git-checkout - Checkout and switch to a branch
176.6.6.1. checkout master
176.6.6.2. checkout branch
176.6.7. git config
176.6.8. git log
176.7. git-daemon 伺服器
176.7.1. git-daemon - A really simple server for git repositories
176.7.2. git-daemon-sysvinit
176.7.3. inet.conf / xinetd 方式啟動
176.7.4. git-daemon-run
176.7.5. Testing
176.8. git config
176.8.1. core.sshCommand
176.8.2. fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
176.8.3. 忽略 SSL 檢查
176.9. git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git
176.10. .gitignore
176.11. .gitattributes
176.11.1. SVN Keywords
176.12. gitolite - SSH-based gatekeeper for git repositories
176.12.1. gitolite-admin
176.12.1.1. gitolite.conf
176.13. Web Tools
176.13.1. viewgit
176.14. FAQ
176.14.1. 導出最後一次修改過的檔案
176.14.2. 導出指定版本區間修改過的檔案
176.14.3. 回撤提交
176.14.4. 每個項目一個證書
177. Subversion
177.1. Invoking the Server
177.1.1. Installing
177.1.1.1. Ubuntu
177.1.1.2. CentOS 5
177.1.1.3. CentOS 6
177.1.2. standalone “daemon” process
177.1.2.1. starting subversion for debian/ubuntu
177.1.2.2. starting subversion daemon script for CentOS/Radhat
177.1.3. classic Unix-like inetd daemon
177.1.4. hooks
177.1.4.1. post-commit
177.1.5. WebDav
177.1.5.1. davfs2 - mount a WebDAV resource as a regular file system
177.2. repository 管理
177.2.1. create repository
177.2.2. user admin
177.2.3. authz
177.2.4. dump
177.3. 使用Subversion
177.3.1. Initialized empty subversion repository for project
177.3.2. ignore
177.3.3. 關鍵字替換
177.3.4. lock 加鎖/ unlock 解鎖
177.3.5. import
177.3.6. export 指定版本
177.3.7. 修訂版本關鍵字
177.3.8. 恢復舊版本
177.4. branch
177.4.1. create
177.4.2. remove
177.4.3. switch
177.4.4. merge
177.4.5. relocate
177.5. FAQ
177.5.1. 遞歸添加檔案
177.5.2. 清除項目裡的所有.svn目錄
177.5.3. color diff
177.5.4. cvs2svn
177.5.5. Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 2004 + WebDAV +Subversion
177.5.6. 指定用戶名與密碼
178. cvs - Concurrent Versions System
178.1. installation
178.1.1. chroot
178.2. cvs login | logout
178.3. cvs import
178.4. cvs checkout
178.5. cvs update
178.6. cvs add
178.7. cvs status
178.8. cvs commit
178.9. cvs remove
178.10. cvs log
178.11. cvs annotate
178.12. cvs diff
178.13. rename file
178.14. revision
178.15. cvs export
178.16. cvs release
178.17. branch
178.17.1. milestone
178.17.2. patch branch
178.18. keywords
179. 其他命令
XV. 圖形工具(Graphics)
180. Gnuplot
180.1. 安裝 Gnuplot
180.1.1. CentOS 環境
180.1.2. Ubuntu 環境
180.1.3. 測試 Gnuplot 是否可用
180.2. terminal
180.3. output
180.4. title/xlabel/ylabel
180.5. xrange/yrange
180.5.1. 時間軸範圍
180.5.2. 日期軸範圍
180.6. xdata
180.6.1. Date/Time
180.7. plot
180.7.1. using
180.8. PHPlot
180.9. FAQ
180.9.1. Could not find/open font when opening font "arial", using internal non-scalable font
180.9.2. 變數傳遞
181. Graphviz - Graph Visualization Software
181.1. Installation
181.1.1. Apt-get
181.1.2. Yum
181.2. The DOT Language
181.2.1. dot
181.2.1.1. 佈局
181.2.2. twopi
181.2.3. gprof
181.3. Node, Edge and Graph Attributes
181.3.1. Color Names
181.3.2. Node Shapes
181.3.3. 箭頭
181.4. Example
181.4.1. E-R
181.4.2. Network
181.4.3. workflow
182. RRDTool
182.1. install
182.2. rrdtool demo example
182.3. title
182.4. start / end
182.5. height / width
182.6. upper-limit / lower-limit
182.7. vertical-label
182.8. Data Source
182.9. Round Robin Archives
182.10. AREA, LINE and STACK
182.10.1. LINE
182.10.2. AREA
182.10.3. STACK
182.10.4. GPRINT
182.11. Example
182.11.1. Memory
182.11.2. example 1
182.11.3. example 1
183. OpenBR
184. OCR - Optical Character Recognition
184.1. Tesseract
184.2. cuneiform - multi-language OCR system
185. Open-Source tool in Java to draw UML Diagram
186. Asymptote: The Vector Graphics Language
186.1. UML
187. MetaPost
188. OpenStreetMap
188.1. OpenLayers
188.2. Leaflet
189. Baidu Map
189.1. BMap.Circle
XVI. 多媒體信息處理(Multimedia)
190. Audio
190.1. ardour
190.2. LMMS
190.3. Qsynth
190.4. Rosegarden
190.5. TerminatorX
190.6. Pulseaudio
190.7. Synthesizer
190.7.1. ZynAddSubFX
190.8. Drums
190.8.1. Hydrogen
191. Video
191.1. OpenShot
191.2. cinelerra-cv
191.3. FFmpeg
192. 圖像處理(Graphics)
192.1. GraphicsMagick
192.1.1. 安裝
192.1.1.1. CentOS 安裝
192.1.1.2. 編譯安裝
192.1.1.3. Mac
192.1.2. 識別圖像信息
192.1.3. mogrify
192.1.4. convert
192.1.4.1. 格式轉換
192.1.4.2. 修改圖片尺寸
192.1.4.3. 修改圖像質量
192.1.4.4. density
192.1.4.5. GIF 幀抽取
192.1.4.6. 創建gif圖像
192.1.5. montage
192.1.6. 截屏
192.1.7. 顯示圖像
192.2. ImageMagick
192.2.1. install
192.2.2. convert
192.2.2.1. 批量轉換
192.2.2.2. resize
192.2.2.3. 圖像質量調整
192.2.2.4. PDF to PNG
192.3. Photivo
192.4. How to add metadata to digital pictures from the command line
193. Music score
193.1. LilyPond
193.1.1. Example
193.1.1.1. PNG/PDF/PS
193.1.1.2. Latex
193.2. MuseScore
194. Stream
194.1. broadcast streaming
194.1.1. gnump3d - A streaming server for MP3 and OGG files
194.1.2. icecast2 - Ogg Vorbis and MP3 streaming media server
194.1.2.1.
194.1.2.2. installation from source
194.1.3. shoutcast
194.1.4. PeerCast
194.2. WebRTC
196. 其他命令
XVII. Voice over IP
197. Gnu Gatekeeper
197.1. Gnu Gatekeeper Install
197.2. Gnu Gatekeeper Configure
197.3. Gnu Gatekeeper Test
197.3.1. Part I - Microsoft Windows NetMeeting
197.3.2. Part II - ohphone
198. OpenSIPS
198.1. 安裝 OpenSIPS
198.1.1. centos 6.5 預設安裝
198.1.2. 使用 yum.opensips.org 源安裝
198.1.3. 編譯安裝
198.2. 資料庫部署
198.2.1. DBTEXT
198.2.2. MySQL
198.2.3. PGSQL
198.2.4. Berkeley DB
198.3. 測試 opensips
199. PBX
199.1. Asterisk (OpenSource Linux PBX that supports both SIP and H.323)
199.2. FreeSWITCH
199.3. Yate - Yet Another Telephony Engine (includes SIP to H.323 translation)
200. VOCAL (includes a SIP to H.323 translator)
201. SIP/H.323 客戶端
201.1. linphone
201.2. Yate Client
XVIII. 數字證書,編碼與解碼
202. UUID (Universally Unique Identifier)
202.1. GUID
202.2. Subversion
202.3. PHP UUID
202.4. JAVA UUID
202.5. PERL UUID
202.6. Python UUID
202.7. MySQL uuid()
202.8. linux command uuid
203. Encode & Decode
203.1. MIME (BASE64) 專題
203.1.1. Linux Command base64
203.1.2. PHP Base64
203.1.2.1. base64_encode
203.1.2.2. base64_decode
203.1.3. Python Base64
203.1.4. perl base64
203.1.5. Java Base64
203.1.5.1. Java 7
203.1.5.2. Java 8
203.1.6. C/C++ Base64
203.2. Uuencode
203.2.1. PHP uuencode
203.3. Quoted-Printable
203.3.1. C Quoted-Printable
203.3.2. Java Quoted-Printable
203.3.3. Python Quoted-Printable
203.4. Base58
203.4.1. php
203.4.2. Java Base58
204. Message Digest (數字摘要)
204.1. MD5專題
204.1.1. md5sum
204.1.2. PHP md5()
204.1.3. MySQL md5()
204.1.4. Java MD5
204.1.4.1. JDK 1.2
204.1.4.2. JDK 1.5
204.1.4.3. JDK 1.8
204.1.5. perl md5
204.2. SHA 專題
204.2.1. sha1sum
204.2.2. PHP sha1()
204.2.3. Java SHA
204.2.3.1. SHA
204.2.3.2. SHA-256
204.2.4. Perl
204.3. CRC32
204.3.1. PHP CRC32
204.3.2. Java CRC32
204.4. 第三方工具
204.4.1. htpasswd
204.4.1.1. CRYPT
204.4.1.2. MD5
204.4.1.3. SHA
204.4.2. htdigest
204.4.3. md5sum
204.4.4. sha1sum
205. DES crypt() 專題
205.1. C crypt()
205.2. PHP crypt()
205.3. perl crypt
205.4. mysql crypt
205.5. Java crypt
205.5.1. Java 8 DES
205.6. grub-md5-crypt - Encrypt a password in MD5 format.
206. AES
206.1. Java
206.1.1. AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding
206.1.2. AES/CBC/PKCS5PADDING
206.2. PHP
206.2.1. AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding
206.2.1.1.
207. OpenPGP/OpenGPG(GnuPG)
207.1. GnuPG
207.1.1. Creating a key (創建key)
207.1.2. --list-keys 列出已存在的證書
207.1.3. Exporting keys (導出key)
207.1.3.1. --export export keys
207.1.3.2. -o, --output use as output file
207.1.4. Importing keys (導入key)
207.1.5. Revoke a key (吊銷key)
207.2. GnuPG For Windows
207.2.1. 生成密鑰對
207.2.2. 列出密鑰
207.2.3. 驗證簽字
207.3. EMail-Security
207.4. Smart Card
207.5. 例子
207.5.1. 加密檔案
208. OpenSSL
208.1. openssl 命令參數
208.1.1. version
208.1.2. 測試加密算法的速度
208.1.3. req
208.1.4. x509
208.1.5. ca
208.1.6. crl
208.1.7. pkcs12
208.1.8. passwd
208.1.9. digest
208.1.9.1. list-message-digest-commands
208.1.9.2. md5
208.1.9.3. sha1
208.1.10. enc
208.1.10.1. list-cipher-commands
208.1.10.2. base64
208.1.10.3. des
208.1.10.4. aes
208.1.11. rsa
208.1.12. dsa
208.1.13. rc4
208.1.14. -config 指定配置檔案
208.1.15. -subj 指定參數
208.1.16. rand
208.1.17. 去除私鑰的密碼
208.2. web 伺服器 ssl 證書
208.2.1. Nginx
208.2.1.1. Nginx + Tomcat (HTTP2)
208.3. s_server / s_client
208.3.1. SSL POP3 / SMTP / IMAP
208.3.2. server / client 檔案傳輸
208.3.3. HTTP SSL 證書
208.3.3.1. 證書鏈
208.3.3.2. 顯示證書
208.3.3.3. 指定 servername
208.4. smime
208.5. Outlook smime x509 證書
208.5.1. 快速創建自簽名證書
208.5.2. 企業或集團方案
208.5.2.1. 證書環境
208.5.2.2. 頒發CA證書
208.5.2.3. 頒發客戶證書
208.5.2.4. 吊銷已簽發的證書
208.6. 證書轉換
208.6.1. CA證書
208.6.2. 創建CA證書有效期為一年
208.6.3. x509轉換為pfx
208.6.4. PEM格式的ca.key轉換為Microsoft可以識別的pvk格式
208.6.5. PKCS#12 到 PEM 的轉換
208.6.6. 從 PFX 格式檔案中提取私鑰格式檔案 (.key)
208.6.7. 轉換 pem 到到 spc
208.6.8. PEM 到 PKCS#12 的轉換
208.6.9. How to Convert PFX Certificate to PEM Format for SOAP
208.6.10. DER檔案(.crt .cer .der)轉為PEM格式檔案
208.6.11. JKS 轉 X509
208.6.12. jks to pem
208.7. 其他證書工具
208.8. OpenSSL 開發庫
208.8.1. DES encryption with OpenSSL
209. 資料庫與加密
209.1. MySQL 加密函數
209.1.1. AES_ENCRYPT / AES_DECRYPT
209.1.2. 通過PHP mcrypt 函數加密解密MySQL資料庫
210. Java - keytool
210.1. 創建證書
210.2. Private key generation
210.3. Public Key Certificate (optional)
210.4. import your signed certificate
210.5. Import the certificate and attach it to your server key pair
210.6. Key pair verification
211. .Net makecert
211.1. 訪問X.509證書
212. Secure Tunnel
212.1. OpenSSH Tunnel
212.1.1. SOCKS v5 Tunnel
212.2. SSL Tunnel
212.2.1. 通過SSL訪問POP、IMAP、SMTP
212.3. DeleGate
213. 硬碟分區與檔案系統加密
213.1. Microsoft 檔案系統加密
213.1.1. Microsoft Encrypting File System (EFS)
213.1.2. BitLocker
214. Office
214.1. Calc
214.1.1. 函數
215. OpenStego - 圖像檔案水印加密
216. 郵件原文
216.1. Subject Unicode
216.2. TO/CC/BCC
216.3. 正文
216.4. POP Sniffer
216.5. PHP mail()
217. Smart card(智能卡)
217.1. OpenSC - tools and libraries for smart cards
217.1.1. 安裝 OpenSC
217.2. openct-tool - OpenCT smart card utility
217.3. ccid - Generic USB CCID smart card reader driver
217.4. usbutils: Linux USB utilities
217.5. USB Token
217.5.1. Open[F]irst
217.5.2. [S]oPin 驗證管理員
217.5.3. LED 燈控制
217.5.4. [L]ist
217.5.5. File[M]enu 檔案菜單
217.5.5.1. [L]ist 列目錄與檔案
217.5.5.2. 目錄管理
217.5.5.3. 檔案管理
217.5.5.4. Create[A]pp 創建GUID
217.5.6. Set[u]pMenu 設置菜單
217.5.6.1. 修改pin
217.5.6.2. [T]okenName 修改Token名字
217.5.6.3. [C]leanup
217.5.6.4. [U]lockPIN
217.5.6.5. [A]ccessSettings
217.5.6.6. [I]nitToken 初始化
217.5.7. Linux ePass
218. Credentials Organization
218.1. VeriSign
218.1.1. iTrusChina
218.1.2. Thawte
218.1.3. Geotrust
218.2. UserTrust
218.3. 境內其他CA機構
218.3.1. WoSign®、I'm Verified®、WoTrust®、沃通®
218.4. SSL FOR FREE
218.5. Let’s Encrypt
XIX. X Window
219. install x window
219.1. xinput - utility to configure and test X input devices
220. X Setup
220.1. 取消開機啟動畫面
220.2. Automatic login
220.3. fonts 字型
220.4. disable x window
221. X Terminal
221.1. tsclient - Terminal Server Client supporting XDMCP, VNC and RDP
221.1.1. VNC
221.1.2. xdmcp
221.2. vinagre - a remote desktop viewer for the GNOME Desktop
221.3. rdesktop - A Remote Desktop Protocol client
221.3.1. -g: desktop geometry (WxH)
221.3.2. -f: full-screen mode
221.3.3. -A: enable SeamlessRDP mode
221.3.4. -z: enable rdp compression
221.3.5. -r: enable specified device redirection (this flag can be repeated)
221.4. tigervnc
221.5. TightVNC
222. Unity
222.1. Enable/Disable Auto Hide For Unity 2-D Launcher In Ubuntu 11.10
223. X Window System
223.1. Fluxbox
223.2. LXDE
223.3. Xfce
223.4. Xming X Server for Windows
224. X Application Software
224.1. ubuntu-restricted-extras
224.2. Keyboard Input Methods(輸入法)
224.3. 瀏覽器
224.3.1. Firefox
224.3.1.1. Error code: NS_ERROR_NET_INADEQUATE_SECURITY
224.3.2. Chromium Web Browser
224.4. Download Software
224.5. PAC Manager
224.6. LibreOffice
224.7. VYM (View Your Mind)
224.8. greenshot
224.9. Window Switch
224.10. gparted
225. Office
225.1. Calc
225.1.1. 函數
226. IBM WebSphere
226.1. WebSphere Commerce Engerprise 7.0
226.2. UpdateInstaller (AppServer, Plugins, IBMIHS)
226.2.1. WAS
226.2.2. Plugins
226.2.3. IHS
226.2.4. backup
226.3. UpdateInstaller (CommerceServer70)
226.4. WebSphere Commerce Engerprise 7.0 Feature Pack 2.iso
226.5. creating a WebSphere Commerce instance
226.6. enableFeature
226.6.1. foundation
226.6.2. management-center
226.6.3. store-enhancements
226.6.4. checkEnablementStatus
226.6.5. check version
226.7. Start IBMIHS and AppServer
226.7.1. IBMIHS
226.7.2. AppServer
226.7.3. Starting and stopping the WebSphere Commerce Information Center
226.7.4. 管理入口
226.8. Initialization store
227. FAQ
227.1. 通過SSH與控制台不能登錄
XX. SBC - Single-board computers
228. Raspberry Pi
228.1. 配置工具
228.1.1. rpi-update
228.2. WiFi 配置
228.2.1. 網絡狀態
228.2.2. WIFI 配置
228.2.3. WiFi 熱點配置
228.2.3.1. 配置網絡介面
228.2.3.2. 配置 DHCP
228.2.3.3. 配置 dnsmasq
228.2.3.4. 配置 hostapd
228.2.3.5. 路由與轉發
228.2.3.6. 啟動熱點
228.2.3.7. 故障排除
228.3. Android 9 Pie
1. 附錄
1.1. 貢獻用戶列表
1.2. 參考文檔
1.3. Red Hat 漏洞
1.4. National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
1.5. Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
1.6. Red Hat Bug平台
1.7. Redhat Doc
1.8. System reduce
2. 歷史記錄

表格清單

1.1. Linux server partition
1.2. Linux desktop partition
22.1. 檔案目錄表達式
22.2. 字元串表達式
22.3. 組合表達式
40.1. net.ipv4.ip_forward
74.1. Volume Group Management
8. 表格標題

範例清單

10.1. 增加交換分區
10.2. GPT Example
10.3. 創建擴展分區
13.1. bonding example
13.2. 命令行建立WiFi連結步驟
13.3. netplan dhcp 例子
22.1. A "Power User" Prompt
22.2. A Prompt the Width of Your Term
22.3. The Elegant Useless Clock Prompt
22.4. Basic conditional example if .. then
22.5. Conditionals with variables
22.6. case
22.7. Functions with parameters sample
22.8. Using select to make simple menus
22.9. Using the command line
22.10. Reading user input with read
22.11. read
22.12. random password
26.1. backup(find + tar)
28.1. example for expect
28.2. example for expect
28.3. example 1
28.4. *.exp
28.5. parallel - build and execute shell command lines from standard input in parallel
29.1. whiptail - yesno
29.2. whiptail - inputbox
29.3. whiptail - passwordbox
29.4. whiptail - passwordbox
29.5. whiptail - example 1
29.6. whiptail - radiolist
30.1. bonding example
30.2. 命令行建立WiFi連結步驟
30.3. netplan dhcp 例子
40.1. /etc/sysconfig/iptables
40.2. connlimit 實例
40.3. CentOS 5.6
43.1. openvpn.conf
43.2. server.conf
43.3. Openvpn 橋接模式伺服器配置實例
43.4. 雙網卡配置實例
43.5. client.conf
43.6. server.ovpn
43.7. client.ovpn
43.8. office.conf
43.9. home.ovpn
45.1. Expires Examples
45.2. nginx expires
45.3. Nginx SSL 雙向認證,證書生成過程
45.4. Example: valid_referers
45.5. Nginx + Tomcat
46.1. /etc/profile.d/java.sh
46.2. /etc/init.d/tomcat
46.3. Example /srv/apache-tomcat/conf
46.4. tomcat firewall
46.5. /etc/rc.d/init.d/www
47.1. index.php
47.2. autolamp.sh
47.3. R=301
47.4. mod_perl.conf
48.1. /etc/init.d/lighttpd
48.2. lighttpd compress
48.3. lighttpd expire
48.4. fastcgi.conf
48.5. Cache
49.1. explicit host in resin.conf
49.2. regexp host in resin.conf
49.3. host-alias in the resin.conf
49.4. host-alias in a /var/www/hosts/foo/host.xml
49.5. host-alias-regexp in the resin.conf
49.6. shared database in host
49.7. rewrite-dispatch
52.1. default.vcl
62.1. SMTP 伺服器配置實例
63.1. Subject Unicode
70.1. examples
70.2. backup to a central backup server with 7 day incremental
70.3. backup to a spare disk
70.4. mirroring vger CVS tree
70.5. automated backup at home
70.6. Fancy footwork with remote file lists
70.7. /etc/csync2.cfg
72.1. nginx-gridfs
72.2. Mirror
72.3. Strip
87.1. nmon
94.1. zabbix-agent 配置實例
95.1. cacti config.php
96.1.
97.1. spring boot logback
97.2. Elasticsearch 索引切割示例
98.1. config.php
99.1. mrtg
121.1. default.vcl
126.1. keepalived.conf
126.2. /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
127.1. piranha master
127.2. piranha slave
128.1. haproxy + mysql 配置實例
128.2. Haproxy MySQL (Master + Master)
139.1. Ruby on RabbitMQ
139.2. server.py
139.3. client.py
140.1. /etc/pam.d/sshd - pam_tally2.so
140.2. /etc/pam.d/sshd - pam_listfile.so
155.1. puppetd
155.2. puppetca
156.1. salt command
164.1. minikube 操作演示
165.1. virsh
171.1. Shell Docker 示例
177.1. authz
208.1. dsaparam & gendsa
208.2. 加密傳輸檔案
208.3. 快速創建自簽名證書
208.4. 創建CA根證書
208.5. 創建自簽名的證書
208.6. DES encryption example in C
212.1. stunnel.conf
216.1. Subject Unicode