第 26 章 Shell command

第 26 章 Shell command
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26.1. Help Commands

26.1.1. man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals

26.1.1.1. manpath.config
26.1.1.2. 查看man手冊位置
26.1.1.3. 指定手冊位置

26.2. getconf - Query system configuration variables

26.3. test 命令

26.4. Directory and File System Related

26.4.1. dirname

26.4.2. filename

26.4.2.1. 排除副檔名
26.4.2.2. 取副檔名

26.4.3. test - check file types and compare values

26.4.4. file — determine file type

26.4.5. stat

26.4.6. mkdir - make directories

26.4.7. rename

26.4.8. touch

26.4.9. truncate

26.4.10. ls - list directory contents

26.4.10.1. full-time / time-style 定義日期時間格式

26.4.11. cp - copy files and directories

26.4.11.1. copy directories recursively
26.4.11.2. overwrite an existing file
26.4.11.3. -a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all

26.4.12. rm - remove files or directories

26.4.12.1. -bash: /bin/rm: Argument list too long
26.4.12.2. zsh: sure you want to delete all the files in /tmp [yn]?

26.4.13. df - report file system disk space usage

26.4.14. du - estimate file space usage

26.4.15. tac - concatenate and print files in reverse

26.4.16. split - split a file into pieces

26.4.16.1. 按行分割檔案
26.4.16.2. 按尺寸分割檔案

26.4.17. find - search for files in a directory hierarchy

26.4.17.5.1. 分別設置檔案與目錄的權限

26.4.17.6. -delete

26.4.17.7. exec

26.4.17.8. 排除目錄

26.4.17.9. -mmin n File's data was last modified n minutes ago.

26.4.17.10. -ctime

26.4.17.11. -mtime / -mmin

26.4.17.12. --newer

26.4.17.13. -print / -printf

26.4.17.14. -size

26.4.17.15. -path

26.4.17.16. 目錄深度控制

26.4.17.17. -maxdepth

26.4.17.18. xargs

26.5. package / compress and decompress

26.5.1. tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility

26.5.1.1. tar examples
26.5.1.2. gunzip
26.5.1.3. b2zip
26.5.1.4. compress
26.5.1.5. .xz 檔案
26.5.1.6. -t, --list
26.5.1.7. tar: Removing leading `/’ from member names
26.5.1.8. -C, --directory=DIR
26.5.1.9. --exclude
26.5.1.10. -T
26.5.1.11. 日期過濾
26.5.1.12. 保留權限
26.5.1.13. -r, --append
26.5.1.14. 遠程傳輸
26.5.1.15. 分卷壓縮

26.5.2. cpio - copy files to and from archives

26.5.3. gzip

26.5.4. zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files

26.5.5. bzip2, bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor

26.5.6. RAR

26.5.7. 7-Zip

26.5.7.1. 壓縮
26.5.7.2. 瀏覽壓縮包
26.5.7.3. 解壓
26.5.7.4. Creates self extracting archive.

26.5.8. RAR

26.5.9. xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files

26.6. date and time

26.6.1. 日期格式

26.6.1.1. weekday name

26.6.2. -d --date=

26.6.2.1. 日期偏移量

26.6.2.1.1. day
26.6.2.1.2. month
26.6.2.1.3. year

26.7.1. 數值運算
26.7.2. seq - print a sequence of numbers
26.7.3. bc - An arbitrary precision calculator language

26.8. Text Processing

26.8.1. iconv - Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another

26.8.1.1. cconv - A iconv based simplified-traditional chinese conversion tool
26.8.1.2. uconv - convert data from one encoding to another

26.8.2. 字元串處理命令expr

26.8.3. cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output

26.8.3.1. -s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
26.8.3.2. -v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB

26.8.4. nl - number lines of files

26.8.5. tr - translate or delete characters

26.8.5.1. 替換字元
26.8.5.2. 英文大小寫轉換
26.8.5.3. [CHAR*] 和 [CHAR*REPEAT]
26.8.5.4. -s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character
26.8.5.5. -d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate

26.8.6. cut - remove sections from each line of files

26.8.7. printf - format and print data

26.8.8. Free `recode' converts files between various character sets and surfaces.

26.8.9. /dev/urandom 隨機字元串

26.8.10. col - filter reverse line feeds from input

26.8.11. apg - generates several random passwords

26.8.12. head/tail

26.8.13. 反轉字元串或檔案內容

26.8.14. TAB符號與空格處理

26.8.14.1. expand - convert tabs to spaces
26.8.14.2. unexpand - convert spaces to tabs

26.9. grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern

26.9.1. 刪除空行

26.9.2. -v, --invert-match

26.9.3. Output control

26.9.3.1. -o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN

26.9.3.1.1. IP 地址
26.9.3.1.2. UUID
26.9.3.1.3. 行列轉換

26.9.3.2. 遞歸操作

26.9.3.3. -c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE

26.9.4. Context control

26.9.4.1. -A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context
26.9.4.2. -B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context
26.9.4.3. -C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context
26.9.4.4. --color

26.9.5. Regexp selection and interpretation

26.9.5.1. .*
26.9.5.2. 2010:(13|14|15|16)
26.9.5.3. []與{}
26.9.5.4. -P, --perl-regexp Perl正則表達式

26.9.6. fgrep

26.9.7. egrep

26.10. sort - sort lines of text files

26.10.1. 對列排序
26.10.2. -s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison

26.11. uniq

26.12. 表格操作/行列轉換

26.12.1. column - columnate lists
26.12.2. paste - merge lines of files
26.12.3. join

26.13. standard input/output

26.13.1. xargs - build and execute command lines from standard input

26.13.1.1. 格式化
26.13.1.2. standard input
26.13.1.3. -I 替換操作
26.13.1.4. -n, --max-args=MAX-ARGS use at most MAX-ARGS arguments per command line
26.13.1.5. -t, --verbose print commands before executing them
26.13.1.6. -d, --delimiter=CHARACTER items in input stream are separated by CHARACTER, not by whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing
26.13.1.7. -0, --null items are separated by a null, not whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing
26.13.1.8. -r, --no-run-if-empty if there are no arguments, then do not run COMMAND; if this option is not given, COMMAND will be
26.13.1.9. -p, --interactive prompt before running commands

26.14. flock - manage locks from shell scripts

26.15. 進制轉換 - 16進制 - 8進制 - 二進制

26.15.1. od - dump files in octal and other formats

26.15.1.1. 16進制
26.15.1.2. 使用 od 隨機生成密碼

26.15.2. hexdump, hd -- ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump

26.15.3. xxd - make a hexdump or do the reverse.

26.15.3.1. 指定每行的列數
26.15.3.2. 跳過位元組

26.15.4. binutils

26.15.4.1. strings - print the strings of printable characters in files.

26.16. Logging

26.16.1. logger - a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module

26.17. Password

26.17.1. Shadow password suite configuration.
26.17.2. newusers - update and create new users in batch
26.17.3. chpasswd - update passwords in batch mode
26.17.4. sshpass - noninteractive ssh password provider

26.18. 信息摘要

26.18.1. cksum, sum -- display file checksums and block counts
26.18.2. md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
26.18.3.

26.19. envsubst - substitutes environment variables in shell format strings

26.1. Help Commands

26.1.1. man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals

26.1.1.1. manpath.config

cat /etc/manpath.config

26.1.1.2. 查看man手冊位置

$ man -aw ls
/usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz

26.1.1.3. 指定手冊位置

man -M /home/mysql/man mysql

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第 25 章 KornShell	起始頁	26.2. getconf - Query system configuration variables