部分 II. Shell
上一頁		下一頁

部分 II. Shell

22. Bash Shell

22.1. 快捷鍵

22.2. bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell

22.2.1. -n 檢查腳本是否有語法錯誤
22.2.2. -x 顯示詳細運行過程

22.3. Introduction

22.3.1. chsh - change login shell

22.3.2. 切換身份

22.3.3. I/O 重定向

22.3.3.1. stdout

22.3.3.2. error 重定向

22.3.3.3. 使用塊記錄日誌

22.3.3.4. tee - read from standard input and write to standard output and files

22.3.3.4.1. 重定向到檔案
22.3.3.4.2. nettee - a network "tee" program

22.3.3.5. 創建檔案

22.3.3.6. 快速清空一個檔案的內容

22.3.4. pipes (FIFOs)

22.3.5. mktemp - create a temporary file or directory 臨時目錄與檔案

22.3.6. History 命令歷史記錄

22.3.6.1. .bash_history

22.3.6.1.1. 格式定義
22.3.6.1.2. 設置忽略命令

22.3.6.2. .mysql_history

22.3.7. hash - hash database access method

22.3.8. prompt

22.4. variable

22.4.1. 系統變數

22.4.1.1. 命令行參數傳遞
22.4.1.2. $n $# $0 $?
22.4.1.3. $? 程序運行返回值
22.4.1.4. shift 移位

22.4.2. 表達式

22.4.3. Internal Environment Variables

22.4.3.1. $RANDOM 隨機數
22.4.3.2. 與 history 有關的環境變數

22.4.4. set 設置變數

22.4.5. unset 變數銷毀

22.4.6. 設置變數預設值

22.4.7. export 設置全局變數

22.4.8. declare

22.4.9. Numerical 數值運算

22.4.10. Strings 字元串操作

22.4.10.1. ##/#
22.4.10.2. %%/%
22.4.10.3. 字元串截取
22.4.10.4. #
22.4.10.5. example
22.4.10.6. 計算字元串長度
22.4.10.7. 字元串查找替換

22.4.11. Array 數組

22.4.11.1. for 與 array
22.4.11.2. while 與 array
22.4.11.3. array 與 read
22.4.11.4. 拆分字元串並轉換為數組
22.4.11.5. 數組轉為字元串

22.4.12. read 賦值多個變數

22.4.13. eval

22.4.14. typeset

22.5. conditions if and case

22.5.1. if
22.5.2. case

22.6. Loops for, while and until

22.6.1. for
22.6.2. while
22.6.3. until

22.7. Functions

22.7.1. Local variables

22.8. User interfaces

22.8.1. input

22.9. subshell

22.10. Example

22.10.1. 有趣的Shell

22.10.2. backup

22.10.3. CPU 核心數

22.10.4. Password

22.10.5. processes

22.10.5.1. pid
22.10.5.2. kill
22.10.5.3. pgrep

22.10.6. Shell 技巧

22.10.6.1. 行轉列，再批評
22.10.6.2. for vs while
22.10.6.3. 遍歷字元串

22.10.7. to convert utf-8 from gb2312 code

22.10.8. 使用內存的百分比

22.10.9. 合併apache被cronlog分割的log檔案

22.10.10. Linux 交集差集並集

23. Z Shell

23.1. installing Z shell

23.2. Oh My ZSH!

23.3. Starting file

23.3.1. ~/.zshrc

23.7.1. Home/End key

24. Berkeley UNIX C shell (csh)

24.1.

25. KornShell

25.1.

26. Shell command

26.1. Help Commands

26.1.1. man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals

26.1.1.1. manpath.config
26.1.1.2. 查看man手冊位置
26.1.1.3. 指定手冊位置

26.2. getconf - Query system configuration variables

26.3. test 命令

26.4. Directory and File System Related

26.4.1. dirname

26.4.2. filename

26.4.2.1. 排除副檔名
26.4.2.2. 取副檔名

26.4.3. test - check file types and compare values

26.4.4. file — determine file type

26.4.5. stat

26.4.6. mkdir - make directories

26.4.7. rename

26.4.8. touch

26.4.9. truncate

26.4.10. ls - list directory contents

26.4.10.1. full-time / time-style 定義日期時間格式

26.4.11. cp - copy files and directories

26.4.11.1. copy directories recursively
26.4.11.2. overwrite an existing file
26.4.11.3. -a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all

26.4.12. rm - remove files or directories

26.4.12.1. -bash: /bin/rm: Argument list too long
26.4.12.2. zsh: sure you want to delete all the files in /tmp [yn]?

26.4.13. df - report file system disk space usage

26.4.14. du - estimate file space usage

26.4.15. tac - concatenate and print files in reverse

26.4.16. split - split a file into pieces

26.4.16.1. 按行分割檔案
26.4.16.2. 按尺寸分割檔案

26.4.17. find - search for files in a directory hierarchy

26.4.17.5.1. 分別設置檔案與目錄的權限

26.4.17.6. -delete

26.4.17.7. exec

26.4.17.8. 排除目錄

26.4.17.9. -mmin n File's data was last modified n minutes ago.

26.4.17.10. -ctime

26.4.17.11. -mtime / -mmin

26.4.17.12. --newer

26.4.17.13. -print / -printf

26.4.17.14. -size

26.4.17.15. -path

26.4.17.16. 目錄深度控制

26.4.17.17. -maxdepth

26.4.17.18. xargs

26.5. package / compress and decompress

26.5.1. tar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utility

26.5.1.1. tar examples
26.5.1.2. gunzip
26.5.1.3. b2zip
26.5.1.4. compress
26.5.1.5. .xz 檔案
26.5.1.6. -t, --list
26.5.1.7. tar: Removing leading `/’ from member names
26.5.1.8. -C, --directory=DIR
26.5.1.9. --exclude
26.5.1.10. -T
26.5.1.11. 日期過濾
26.5.1.12. 保留權限
26.5.1.13. -r, --append
26.5.1.14. 遠程傳輸
26.5.1.15. 分卷壓縮

26.5.2. cpio - copy files to and from archives

26.5.3. gzip

26.5.4. zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files

26.5.5. bzip2, bunzip2 - a block-sorting file compressor

26.5.6. RAR

26.5.7. 7-Zip

26.5.7.1. 壓縮
26.5.7.2. 瀏覽壓縮包
26.5.7.3. 解壓
26.5.7.4. Creates self extracting archive.

26.5.8. RAR

26.5.9. xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files

26.6. date and time

26.6.1. 日期格式

26.6.1.1. weekday name

26.6.2. -d --date=

26.6.2.1. 日期偏移量

26.6.2.1.1. day
26.6.2.1.2. month
26.6.2.1.3. year

26.7.1. 數值運算
26.7.2. seq - print a sequence of numbers
26.7.3. bc - An arbitrary precision calculator language

26.8. Text Processing

26.8.1. iconv - Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another

26.8.1.1. cconv - A iconv based simplified-traditional chinese conversion tool
26.8.1.2. uconv - convert data from one encoding to another

26.8.2. 字元串處理命令expr

26.8.3. cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output

26.8.3.1. -s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
26.8.3.2. -v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB

26.8.4. nl - number lines of files

26.8.5. tr - translate or delete characters

26.8.5.1. 替換字元
26.8.5.2. 英文大小寫轉換
26.8.5.3. [CHAR*] 和 [CHAR*REPEAT]
26.8.5.4. -s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character
26.8.5.5. -d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate

26.8.6. cut - remove sections from each line of files

26.8.7. printf - format and print data

26.8.8. Free `recode' converts files between various character sets and surfaces.

26.8.9. /dev/urandom 隨機字元串

26.8.10. col - filter reverse line feeds from input

26.8.11. apg - generates several random passwords

26.8.12. head/tail

26.8.13. 反轉字元串或檔案內容

26.8.14. TAB符號與空格處理

26.8.14.1. expand - convert tabs to spaces
26.8.14.2. unexpand - convert spaces to tabs

26.9. grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern

26.9.1. 刪除空行

26.9.2. -v, --invert-match

26.9.3. Output control

26.9.3.1. -o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN

26.9.3.1.1. IP 地址
26.9.3.1.2. UUID
26.9.3.1.3. 行列轉換

26.9.3.2. 遞歸操作

26.9.3.3. -c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE

26.9.4. Context control

26.9.4.1. -A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context
26.9.4.2. -B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context
26.9.4.3. -C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context
26.9.4.4. --color

26.9.5. Regexp selection and interpretation

26.9.5.1. .*
26.9.5.2. 2010:(13|14|15|16)
26.9.5.3. []與{}
26.9.5.4. -P, --perl-regexp Perl正則表達式

26.9.6. fgrep

26.9.7. egrep

26.10. sort - sort lines of text files

26.10.1. 對列排序
26.10.2. -s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison

26.11. uniq

26.12. 表格操作/行列轉換

26.12.1. column - columnate lists
26.12.2. paste - merge lines of files
26.12.3. join

26.13. standard input/output

26.13.1. xargs - build and execute command lines from standard input

26.13.1.1. 格式化
26.13.1.2. standard input
26.13.1.3. -I 替換操作
26.13.1.4. -n, --max-args=MAX-ARGS use at most MAX-ARGS arguments per command line
26.13.1.5. -t, --verbose print commands before executing them
26.13.1.6. -d, --delimiter=CHARACTER items in input stream are separated by CHARACTER, not by whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing
26.13.1.7. -0, --null items are separated by a null, not whitespace; disables quote and backslash processing and logical EOF processing
26.13.1.8. -r, --no-run-if-empty if there are no arguments, then do not run COMMAND; if this option is not given, COMMAND will be
26.13.1.9. -p, --interactive prompt before running commands

26.14. flock - manage locks from shell scripts

26.15. 進制轉換 - 16進制 - 8進制 - 二進制

26.15.1. od - dump files in octal and other formats

26.15.1.1. 16進制
26.15.1.2. 使用 od 隨機生成密碼

26.15.2. hexdump, hd -- ASCII, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump

26.15.3. xxd - make a hexdump or do the reverse.

26.15.3.1. 指定每行的列數
26.15.3.2. 跳過位元組

26.15.4. binutils

26.15.4.1. strings - print the strings of printable characters in files.

26.16. Logging

26.16.1. logger - a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module

26.17. Password

26.17.1. Shadow password suite configuration.
26.17.2. newusers - update and create new users in batch
26.17.3. chpasswd - update passwords in batch mode
26.17.4. sshpass - noninteractive ssh password provider

26.18. 信息摘要

26.18.1. cksum, sum -- display file checksums and block counts
26.18.2. md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest
26.18.3.

26.19. envsubst - substitutes environment variables in shell format strings

28. Utility Programs

28.1. ed, red - text editor

28.2.3.1. vi 批處理

28.2.4. line()

28.2.5. set fileformat

28.3. awk

28.3.1. 處理列

28.3.2. printf

28.3.3. Pattern(字元匹配)

28.3.3.1. Pattern, Pattern

28.3.4. Built-in Variables (NR/NF)

28.3.4.1. NR

28.3.4.2. NF

28.3.4.3. 練習

28.3.4.3.1. 使用 ss 命令統計 TCP 狀態
28.3.4.3.2. TCP/IP Status
28.3.4.3.3. 用戶shell統計
28.3.4.3.4. access.log POST與GET統計

28.3.5. Built-in Functions

28.3.5.1. length
28.3.5.2. toupper() 轉為大寫字母
28.3.5.3. tolower() 轉為小寫字母
28.3.5.4. rand() 隨機數生成

28.4.1.1. 正則
28.4.1.2. aaa="bbb" 提取bbb
28.4.1.3. 首字母大寫

28.4.2. insert 插入字元

28.4.3. 追加字元

28.4.4. 修改字元

28.4.5. 刪除字元

28.4.5.1. delete

28.5. CURL - transfer a URL

28.5.1. 基本用法

28.5.2. 提交表單數據

28.5.3. 上傳檔案

28.5.4. connect-timeout

28.5.5. max-time

28.5.6. compressed

28.5.7. vhosts

28.5.8. -w, --write-out <format> 輸出格式定義

28.5.9. -A/--user-agent <agent string>

28.5.10. referer

28.5.11. -v

28.5.12. -o, --output FILE Write output to <file> instead of stdout

28.5.13. -L, --location

28.5.14. -H/--header <line> Custom header to pass to server (H)

28.5.14.1. Last-Modified / If-Modified-Since
28.5.14.2. ETag / If-None-Match
28.5.14.3. Accept-Encoding:gzip,defalte
28.5.14.4. HOST
28.5.14.5. HTTP 認證
28.5.14.6. Accept
28.5.14.7. Content-Type

28.5.15. curl-config

28.5.16. 指定網絡介面或者地址

28.5.17. Cookie 處理

28.5.18. Restful 應用 JSON 數據處理

28.5.18.1. Curl Oauth2
28.5.18.2. Curl + Oauth2 + Jwt

28.6.1. 模擬登錄 telnet 獲取Cisco配置
28.6.2. 模擬登錄 ssh
28.6.3. SCP
28.6.4. openssl 例子

28.7. expect-lite - quick and easy command line automation tool

28.8. sshpass - noninteractive ssh password provider

28.9. Klish - Kommand Line Interface Shell (the fork of clish project)

28.9.1. 安裝Klish

28.9.2. 為用戶指定clish作為預設Shell

28.9.3. FAQ

28.9.3.1. clish/shell/shell_expat.c:36:19: fatal error: expat.h: No such file or directory

28.10. Limited command Shell (lshell)

28.11. Wget - The non-interactive network downloader.

28.11.1. Logging and input file

28.11.1.1. -i, --input-file=FILE download URLs found in local or external FILE.

28.11.2. 下載相關參數

28.11.2.1. -O, --output-document=FILE write documents to FILE 保存到檔案

28.11.3. HTTP options (HTTP 選項)

28.11.3.1. --post-data=STRING use the POST method; send STRING as the data.
28.11.3.2. header HTTP頭定義

28.11.4. Recursive download

28.11.4.1. -r, --recursive specify recursive download.
28.11.4.2. -m, --mirror shortcut for -N -r -l inf --no-remove-listing.

28.11.5. --no-passive-ftp disable the "passive" transfer mode.

28.11.6. 下載一組連續的檔案名

28.12. TUI

28.12.1. screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
28.12.2. tmux — terminal multiplexer
28.12.3. byobu - wrapper script for seeding a user's byobu configuration and launching a text based window manager (either screen or tmux)
28.12.4. htop - interactive process viewer
28.12.5. elinks
28.12.6. chat

28.13. jq - Command-line JSON processor

28.14. parallel - build and execute shell command lines from standard input in parallel

28.15. multitail

29. Shell Terminal

29.1. terminal

29.1.1. resize - set TERMCAP and terminal settings to current xterm window size
29.1.2. tset, reset - terminal initialization
29.1.3. stty - change and print terminal line settings

29.2. tput

29.2.1. Change the prompt color using tput

29.3. dialog

29.3.1. --inputbox

29.4. whiptail - display dialog boxes from shell scripts

29.4.1. --msgbox
29.4.2. --infobox
29.4.3. --yesno
29.4.4. --inputbox
29.4.5. --passwordbox
29.4.6. --textbox
29.4.7. --checklist
29.4.8. --radiolist
29.4.9. --menu
29.4.10. --gauge

上一頁		下一頁
第 21 章 crontab 定時任務	起始頁	第 22 章 Bash Shell