綁定多個IP

#Listen 80
Listen 192.168.3.40:80
Listen 192.168.4.40:80
Listen 192.168.5.40:80
			

ref: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/en/sections.html

Filesystem Containers

			
<Directory /var/web/dir1>
	Options +Indexes
</Directory>

<Files private.html>
	Order allow,deny
	Deny from all
</Files>

<Directory /var/web/dir1>
	<Files private.html>
		Order allow,deny
		Deny from all
	</Files>
</Directory>
			
			

Webspace Containers

			
<LocationMatch ^/private>
	Order Allow,Deny
	Deny from all
</LocationMatch>
			
			

Wildcards and Regular Expressions

			
A non-regex wildcard section that changes the configuration of all user directories could look as follows:

<Directory /home/*/public_html>
Options Indexes
</Directory>
Using regex sections, we can deny access to many types of image files at once:

<FilesMatch \.(?i:gif|jpe?g|png)$>
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
</FilesMatch>
			
			

				
<DirectoryMatch (/var/www/logs|/var/www/logs/*)>
        Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews Indexes

        DirectoryIndex index.html

        AllowOverride AuthConfig
        Order Allow,Deny
        Allow From All

        AuthName "Logs Access"
        AuthType Basic
        AuthUserFile /etc/nagios3/htpasswd.users
        require valid-user
</DirectoryMatch>
				
				

			
<Directory /www>
	<Files ~ "\.(gif|jpe?g|png|html|css|js)$">
		FileETag INode MTime Size
	</Files>
</Directory>
			
			

ServerTokens ProductOnly
ServerSignature Off
			

ThreadLimit 需要自行添加

ServerLimit 需要自行添加

			
<IfModule mpm_event_module>
    ThreadLimit			256
    ServerLimit			4096
    StartServers             4
    MinSpareThreads         75
    MaxSpareThreads        250
    ThreadsPerChild        128
    MaxRequestWorkers      4096
    MaxConnectionsPerChild   0
</IfModule>
			
			

worker

# Server-pool management (MPM specific)
Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
			

conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

mpm_worker_module

			
<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
    ServerLimit         16
    ThreadLimit         128
    StartServers        8
    MaxClients          2048
    MinSpareThreads     64
    MaxSpareThreads     128
    ThreadsPerChild     128
    MaxRequestsPerChild 10000
</IfModule>

<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
    ServerLimit         24
    ThreadLimit         128
    StartServers        8
    MaxClients          3072
    MinSpareThreads     64
    MaxSpareThreads     128
    ThreadsPerChild     128
    MaxRequestsPerChild 10000
</IfModule>

<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
    ServerLimit         16
    ThreadLimit         256
    StartServers        8
    MaxClients          4096
    MinSpareThreads     64
    MaxSpareThreads     256
    ThreadsPerChild     256
    MaxRequestsPerChild 10000
</IfModule>

			
			

			
ServerLimit 預設是16，它決定系統最多啟動幾個httpd進程。
ThreadLimit 預設是64，
ThreadsPerChild* ServerLimit=系統支持的最大並發。
MaxClients<ThreadsPerChild* ServerLimit，MaxClients如果大於400將被限制在400.
400只是理論最大並發，實際並發就是MaxClients的值。
理論並發有什麼用我不知道。


指令說明：
        StartServers：設置伺服器啟動時建立的子進程數量。因為子進程數量動態的取決於負載的輕重,所有一般沒有必要調整這個參數。
        ServerLimit：伺服器允許配置的進程數上限。只有在你需要將MaxClients和ThreadsPerChild設置成需要超過預設值16個子進程的時候才需要使用這個指令。不要將該指令的值設置的比MaxClients 和ThreadsPerChild需要的子進程數量高。修改此指令的值必須完全停止服務後再啟動才能生效，以restart方式重啟動將不會生效。
        ThreadLimit：設置每個子進程可配置的綫程數ThreadsPerChild上限,該指令的值應當和ThreadsPerChild可能達到的最大值保持一致。修改此指令的值必須完全停止服務後再啟動才能生效，以restart方式重啟動將不會生效。
        MaxClients：用於伺服客戶端請求的最大接入請求數量（最大綫程數）。任何超過MaxClients限制的請求都將進入等候隊列。預設值是"400"，16 (ServerLimit)乘以25(ThreadsPerChild)的結果。因此要增加MaxClients的時候，你必須同時增加 ServerLimit的值。筆者建議將初始值設為(以Mb為單位的最大物理內存/2),然後根據負載情況進行動態調整。比如一台4G內存的機器，那麼初始值就是4000/2=2000。
        MinSpareThreads：最小空閒綫程數,預設值是"75"。這個MPM將基于整個伺服器監視空閒綫程數。如果伺服器中總的空閒綫程數太少，子進程將產生新的空閒綫程。
        MaxSpareThreads：設置最大空閒綫程數。預設值是"250"。這個MPM將基于整個伺服器監視空閒綫程數。如果伺服器中總的空閒綫程數太多，子進程將殺死多餘的空閒綫程。MaxSpareThreads的取值範圍是有限制的。Apache將按照如下限制自動修正你設置的值：worker要求其大於等於 MinSpareThreads加上ThreadsPerChild的和。
        ThreadsPerChild：每個子進程建立的綫程數。預設值是25。子進程在啟動時建立這些綫程後就不再建立新的綫程了。每個子進程所擁有的所有線程的總數要足夠大，以便可以處理可能的請求高峰。
        MaxRequestsPerChild：設置每個子進程在其生存期內允許伺服的最大請求數量。到達MaxRequestsPerChild的限制後，子進程將會結束。如果MaxRequestsPerChild為"0"，子進程將永遠不會結束。將MaxRequestsPerChild設置成非零值有兩個好處：可以防止(偶然的)內存泄漏無限進行而耗盡內存；
給進程一個有限壽命，從而有助于當伺服器負載減輕的時候減少活動進程的數量。
如果設置為非零值，筆者建議設為10000-30000之間的一個值。
         公式：
         ThreadLimit >= ThreadsPerChild
         MaxClients <= ServerLimit * ThreadsPerChild 必須是ThreadsPerChild的倍數
         MaxSpareThreads >= MinSpareThreads+ThreadsPerChild
			
			

日誌級別

語法：LogLevel level

可以選擇下列level，依照重要性降序排列：
emerg 　緊急(系統無法使用)
alert 　必須立即採取措施
crit 　	致命情況
error 　錯誤情況
warn 　	警告情況
notice 	一般重要情況
info 　 普通信息
debug 　調試信息
			

LogLevel crit
			

分割log日誌檔案

			
<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    #LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %{email}C %{nickname}C" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

    #
    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*
    # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
    # logged therein and *not* in this file.
    #
    #CustomLog logs/access_log common

    #
    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
    #
    CustomLog logs/access_log combined

    #CookieLog logs/cookie_log
</IfModule>
			
			

			
# compressed logs
$ CustomLog "|/usr/bin/gzip -c >> /var/log/access_log.gz" common
			
			

rotatelogs是一個配合Apache管道日誌功能使用的簡單程序。舉例：

rotatelogs logfile [ rotationtime [ offset ]] | [ filesizeM ]

選項
logfile
它加上基準名就是日誌檔案名。如果logfile中包含’%'，則它會被視為用於的strftime(3)的格式字串；否則，它會被自動加上以秒為單位的.nnnnnnnnnn尾碼。這兩種格式都表示新的日誌開始使用的時間。
rotationtime
日誌檔案回捲的以秒為單位的間隔時間
offset
相對於UTC的時差的分鐘數。如果省略，則假定為0，並使用UTC時間。比如，要指定UTC時差為-5小時的地區的當地時間，則此參數應為-300。
filesizeM
指定回捲時以兆位元組為單位的尾碼字母M的檔案大小，而不是指定回捲時間或時差。

下列日誌檔案格式字串可以為所有的strftime(3)實現所支持，見各種擴展庫對應的strftime(3)的手冊。
%A 星期名全稱(本地的)
%a 3個字元的星期名(本地的)
%B 月份名的全稱(本地的)
%b 3個字元的月份名(本地的)
%c 日期和時間(本地的)
%d 2位數的一個月中的日期數
%H 2位數的小時數(24小時制)
%I 2位數的小時數(12小時制)
%j 3位數的一年中的日期數
%M 2位數的分鐘數
%m 2位數的月份數
%p am/pm 12小時制的上下午(本地的)
%S 2位數的秒數
%U 2位數的一年中的星期數(星期天為一周的第一天)
%W 2位數的一年中的星期數(星期一為一周的第一天)
%w 1位數的星期幾(星期天為一周的第一天)
%X 時間 (本地的)
%x 日期 (本地的)
%Y 4位數的年份

CustomLog "|bin/rotatelogs /var/logs/logfile 86400" common
此配置會建立檔案"/var/logs/logfile.nnnn"，其中的nnnn是名義上的日誌啟動時的系統時間(此時間總是滾動時間的倍數，可以用於cron腳本的同步)。在滾動時間到達時(在此例中是24小時以後)，會產生一個新的日誌。

CustomLog "|bin/rotatelogs /var/logs/logfile 5M" common
此配置會在日誌檔案大小增長到5兆位元組時滾動該日誌。

ErrorLog "|bin/rotatelogs /var/logs/errorlog.%Y-%m-%d-%H_%M_%S 5M"
此配置會在錯誤日誌大小增長到5兆位元組時滾動該日誌，日誌檔案名尾碼會按照如下格式創建：errorlog.YYYY-mm-dd-HH_MM_SS

ErrorLog "| /usr/local/apache/bin/rotatelogs /www/logs/www.example.com/error_%Y_%m_%d_log 86400 480"
CustomLog "| /usr/local/apache/bin/rotatelogs /www/logs/www.example.com/access_%Y_%m_%d_log 86400 480" common

CustomLog "|/usr/local/httpd/bin/rotatelogs /www/logs/www.example.com/access.%Y-%m-%d.log 86400 480" combined
			

86400：表示 24小時 60*60*24

480: 表示時區偏移 8 時區等於 60*8

cronolog

cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd cronolog-1.6.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
make
make install
			

CustomLog "|/usr/local/cronolog/sbin/cronolog /opt/apache/logs/access_log.%Y%m%d" combined

合併多個伺服器的日誌檔案（如log1、log2、log3），並輸出到log_all中的方法是：

 $ sort -m -t " " -k 4 -o log_all log1 log2 log3
			

30 4 * * * /usr/bin/gzip -f /www/logs/access.`date -d yesterday +%Y-%m-%d`.log
			

https://www.sit.auckland.ac.nz/Logging_to_syslog_with_Apache

			
Logging to syslog with Apache

First you will need to install syslog-ng. This is the logging server that will send the log data to the syslog box.

apt-get update && apt-get install syslog-ng
syslog-ng uses a socket device to accept data from apache or whatever program is creating the logs.

Use the configuration here: Syslog-ng default config.

The first part indicates what the socket will be called and where it will live. The second part tells syslog-ng where to send the collected data. The restart syslog-ng (/etc/init.d/syslog-ng restart)l.

Configure apache's logging

Add these directives to send apache's logs via a socket to syslog

CustomLog "|/usr/bin/logger -s -t 'monitor.cs.auckland.ac.nz' -p info -u /var/log/apache_log.socket" Combined
ErrorLog "|/usr/bin/logger -s -t 'monitor.cs.auckland.ac.nz' -p err -u /var/log/apache_log.socket"
Apache will then use the logger program to send data to syslog. /var/log/apache_log.socket refers to the device that syslog-ng has created. Data sent to this device is sent over the network to the main syslog box.

Troubleshooting

It seems that apache 2.0.54-5 does not like logging to a file and to a process at the same time. In this case log entries will become re-ordered or missed out. You can use the test scripts below to check if this is happening.

Testing

Here are some useful scripts that can help with testing to make sure the logging is working as expected.

You can simulate http accesses using lynx with this command:

watch lynx -source http://monitor.cs.auckland.ac.nz/
Which will make a http request every two seconds. Or, for a better test:

for i in `seq 1 100`; do lynx -source http://monitor.cs.auckland.ac.nz/$i;sleep 3;done
The result of this test is a sequence of log entires from 1 to 100. If entries are missing or in the wrong order, you know there is a problem.
			
			

CustomLog "|/usr/bin/your_script" Combined
ErrorLog "|/usr/bin/your_script"
			

ServerName dummy-host.example.com
ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
			

CustomLog "|/usr/local/httpd/bin/rotatelogs /www/logs/www.example.com/access.%Y-%m-%d.log 86400 480" combined
ErrorLog "|/usr/local/httpd/bin/rotatelogs /www/logs/www.example.com/error.%Y-%m-%d.log 86400 480"
			

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^x.x.x.x [NC]
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R=301]

			

				
<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
	ServerName www.example.com
	ServerAlias www.second.com

    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.example.com [NC]
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.other.com/$1 [L,R=301]
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.second.com [NC]
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.other.com/$1 [L,R=301]
</VirtualHost>
				
				

JkMount 與 Rewrite 同時使用時

RewriteRule ^/communtiy/top/(.*)$ /community.do?method=activeContent&id=$1 [PT]

後面用[PT]

			
$ vi .htaccess
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain\.com
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.domain.com/$1 [R=permanent,L]
			
			

			
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
    DocumentRoot "/www/www.example.com/images"
    ServerName images.example.com
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule ^(.+)(jpg|gif|bmp|jpeg|ico|png|css)$ http://images.other.com/$1$2 [R]
    ErrorLog "logs/images.example.com-error.log"
</VirtualHost>
			
			

			
<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
	ServerName images.example.com
	RewriteEngine On
	RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^images.example.com [NC]
	RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://images.other.com/$1 [L]
	CustomLog "|/usr/local/httpd/bin/rotatelogs /www/logs/images/access.%Y-%m-%d.log 100M" common
</VirtualHost>
			
			

/etc/httpd/conf.d/rails.conf

			
Listen 8080
ProxyRequests Off
<Proxy balancer://cluster>
	BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:3001
	BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:3002
	BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:3003
	BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:3004
	BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:3005
</Proxy>

<VirtualHost *:8080>
	ServerName www.example.com:8080
	DocumentRoot /var/www/project/public
	ProxyPass /images !
	ProxyPass /stylesheets !
	ProxyPass /javascripts !
	ProxyPass / balancer://cluster/
	ProxyPassReverse / balancer://cluster/
	ProxyPreserveHost on
</VirtualHost>
			
			

GET /index.html HTTP/1.0
Host: www.bg7nyt.cn
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
			

你看到的是亂碼,而不是HTML.

curl -H Accept-Encoding:gzip,defalte http://www.example.com/index.html | gunzip
			

gunzip 可以解壓壓縮內容

			
<FilesMatch “\.(ico|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css|swf|html|htm|gzip)$”>
	ExpiresActive on
	ExpiresDefault “access plus 2 hours”
</FilesMatch>
			
			

			
<FilesMatch "\.(gif|jpe?g|png|ico|css|js|swf)$">
	Header set Cache-Control “max-age=1800, public”
	Header set Cache-Control "s-maxage=600"
</FilesMatch>
			
			

max-age 針對瀏覽器推送緩存時間

s-maxage 針對代理伺服器推送緩存時間

			
<FilesMatch "\.(gif|jpe?g|png|ico|css|js|swf)$">
	FileETag none
</FilesMatch>

<FilesMatch "\.(gif|jpe?g|png|ico|css|js|swf)$">
	FileETag MTime
</FilesMatch>
			
			

禁用ETag， FileETag none

INode 使用檔案i-node 做為 etag

MTime 使用修改時間做為etag

Size 使用檔案尺寸做為etag

All 相當於 FileETag INode MTime Size

			
<IfModule mod_cache.c>
    CacheDefaultExpire 86400
    <ifModule mod_disk_cache.c>
        CacheEnable disk /
        CacheRoot /tmp/apacheCache
        CacheDirLevels 5
        CacheDirLength 5
        CacheMaxFileSize 1048576
        CacheMinFileSize 10
    </ifModule mod_disk_cache.c>
</IfModule mod_cache.c>
			
			

			
<IfModule mod_cache.c>
    <ifModule mod_mem_cache.c>
        CacheEnable mem /
        MCacheMaxObjectCount 20000
        MCacheMaxObjectSize 1048576
        MCacheMaxStreamingBuffer 65536
        MCacheMinObjectSize 10
        MCacheRemovalAlgorithm GDSF
        MCacheSize 131072
    </ifModule mod_disk_cache.c>
</IfModule mod_cache.c>