知乎專欄 | 多維度架構 | | | 微信號 netkiller-ebook | | | QQ群:128659835 請註明“讀者” |
常見的校驗註解
@Null 被註釋的元素必須為 null @NotNull 被註釋的元素必須不為 null @AssertTrue 被註釋的元素必須為 true @AssertFalse 被註釋的元素必須為 false @Min(value) 被註釋的元素必須是一個數字,其值必須大於等於指定的最小值 @Max(value) 被註釋的元素必須是一個數字,其值必須小於等於指定的最大值 @DecimalMin(value) 被註釋的元素必須是一個數字,其值必須大於等於指定的最小值 @DecimalMax(value) 被註釋的元素必須是一個數字,其值必須小於等於指定的最大值 @Size(max=, min=) 被註釋的元素的大小必須在指定的範圍內 @Digits (integer, fraction) 被註釋的元素必須是一個數字,其值必須在可接受的範圍內 @Past 被註釋的元素必須是一個過去的日期 @Future 被註釋的元素必須是一個將來的日期 @Pattern(regex=,flag=) 被註釋的元素必須符合指定的正則表達式 Hibernate Validator提供的校驗註解: @NotBlank(message =) 驗證字元串非null,且長度必須大於0 @Email 被註釋的元素必須是電子郵箱地址 @Length(min=,max=) 被註釋的字元串的大小必須在指定的範圍內 @NotEmpty 被註釋的字元串的必須非空 @Range(min=,max=,message=) 被註釋的元素必須在合適的範圍內
package web.domain; import javax.validation.constraints.Email; import javax.validation.constraints.Min; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull; import javax.validation.constraints.Size; public class User { private Long id; @NotNull(message = "用戶賬號不能為空") @Size(min = 6, max = 11, message = "賬號長度必須是6-11個字元") private String username; @NotNull(message = "用戶密碼不能為空") @Size(min = 6, max = 8, message = "密碼長度必須是6-8個字元") private String password; @NotNull(message = "用戶郵箱不能為空") @Email(message = "郵箱格式不正確") private String email; // 不允許為空,並且年齡的最小值為18 @NotNull @Min(18) private Integer age; public User() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", email=" + email + ", age=" + age + "]"; } }
package web.restful; import javax.validation.Valid; import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult; import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import web.domain.User; @RestController @RequestMapping("/restful") public class TestRestController { @RequestMapping("/test") public String home() { return "OK"; } @PostMapping("/validation") public String addUser(@RequestBody @Valid User user, BindingResult bindingResult) { // 如果有參數校驗失敗,返回錯誤信息 if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) { System.out.println(user.toString()); System.out.println(bindingResult.getErrorCount()); System.out.println(bindingResult.getAllErrors()); } for (ObjectError error : bindingResult.getAllErrors()) { return error.getDefaultMessage(); } return user.toString(); } }
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/Management % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkillermsn.com"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation 郵箱格式不正確 neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/Management % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation must not be null neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~/workspace/Management % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com", "age":20}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation User [id=100000, username=netkiller, password=123456, email=netkiller@msn.com, age=20]
下面實現一個手機號碼檢查的註解。
@Retention :用來說明該註解類的生命周期。它有以下三個參數: RetentionPolicy.SOURCE : 註解只保留在源檔案中 RetentionPolicy.CLASS : 註解保留在class檔案中,在加載到JVM虛擬機時丟棄 RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME : 註解保留在程序運行期間,此時可以通過反射獲得定義在某個類上的所有註解。 @Target : 用來說明該註解可以被聲明在那些元素之前。 ElementType.TYPE:說明該註解只能被聲明在一個類前。 ElementType.FIELD:說明該註解只能被聲明在一個類的欄位前。 ElementType.METHOD:說明該註解只能被聲明在一個類的方法前。 ElementType.PARAMETER:說明該註解只能被聲明在一個方法參數前。 ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR:說明該註解只能聲明在一個類的構造方法前。 ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE:說明該註解只能聲明在一個局部變數前。 ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE:說明該註解只能聲明在一個註解類型前。 ElementType.PACKAGE:說明該註解只能聲明在一個包名前。 @Constraint來限定自定義註解的方法
package cn.netkiller.web.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.Documented; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.Target; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import javax.validation.Constraint; import javax.validation.Payload; import cn.netkiller.web.annotation.impl.MobileValidator; @Target({ ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE, ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.PARAMETER }) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Constraint(validatedBy = MobileValidator.class) @Documented // 註解的實現類。 public @interface Mobile { // 校驗錯誤的預設信息 String message() default "手機號碼格式不正確!"; // 是否強制校驗 boolean isRequired() default true; Class<?>[] groups() default {}; Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {}; }
package cn.netkiller.web.annotation.impl; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator; import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import cn.netkiller.web.annotation.Mobile; public class MobileValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Mobile, String> { public MobileValidator() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } private boolean required = false; @Override public void initialize(Mobile constraintAnnotation) { required = constraintAnnotation.isRequired(); } @Override public boolean isValid(String phone, ConstraintValidatorContext constraintValidatorContext) { Pattern mobile_pattern = Pattern.compile("1\\d{10}"); // System.out.println(phone); // 是否為手機號的實現 if (required) { if (StringUtils.isEmpty(phone)) { return false; } Matcher m = mobile_pattern.matcher(phone); return m.matches(); } else { return StringUtils.isEmpty(phone); } } }
package cn.netkiller.web.domain; import java.util.Date; import javax.validation.constraints.Email; import javax.validation.constraints.Future; import javax.validation.constraints.Min; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull; import javax.validation.constraints.Size; import cn.netkiller.web.annotation.Mobile; public class User { private Long id; @NotNull(message = "用戶賬號不能為空") @Size(min = 6, max = 11, message = "賬號長度必須是6-11個字元") private String username; @NotNull(message = "用戶密碼不能為空") @Size(min = 6, max = 8, message = "密碼長度必須是6-8個字元") private String password; @NotNull(message = "用戶郵箱不能為空") @Email(message = "郵箱格式不正確") private String email; // 這裡是新添加的註解奧 @Mobile(message = "手機號碼格式錯誤!!!") private String phone; // 不允許為空,並且年齡的最小值為18 @NotNull @Min(18) private Integer age; @Future private Date createTime; public User() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public String getPhone() { return phone; } public void setPhone(String phone) { this.phone = phone; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", email=" + email + ", phone=" + phone + ", age=" + age + "]"; } }
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com", "age":20, "phone":"BB"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation 手機號碼格式錯誤!!! neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com", "age":20, "phone":"2433"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation 手機號碼格式錯誤!!! neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com", "age":20, "phone":"130"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation 手機號碼格式錯誤!!!% neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"id":100000, "username":"netkiller", "password":"123456", "email":"netkiller@msn.com", "age":20, "phone":"13022223333"}' curl http://localhost:8080/restful/validation User [id=100000, username=netkiller, password=123456, email=netkiller@msn.com, phone=13022223333, age=20]%