部分 I. System Administrator

目錄

1. Introduction
1.1. Linux 發行版本
1.1.1. Debian 衍生版本
1.1.2. Redhat 衍生版本
1.1.3. FreeBSD 包風格的Linux 發行版
1.1.4. Linux 下載排名
1.2. Distribution information
1.3. Linux Installation
1.3.1. HDD Partition
1.4. System Infomation
1.4.1. Cpu Bit
1.5. shutdown
1.6. Profile
1.6.1. shell
2. Kernel
2.1. 編譯安裝內核
2.2. sysctl - configure kernel parameters at runtime
2.2.1. sysctl.d
2.2.2. vm.overcommit_memory
2.3. /sys
2.3.1. /sys/class/net/
2.4. /proc
2.4.1. 進程內存監控
2.4.2. ulimit 狀態
3. Package Management
3.1. apt-cache
3.1.1. search
3.1.2. depends
3.1.3. policy
3.2. Apt-Get
3.2.1. Search
3.2.2. Installation
3.2.3. Update
3.2.4. Remove
3.3. aptitude
3.4. Automatic Updates
3.5. dpkg
3.5.1. -i|--install 安裝.deb包
3.5.2. -r|--remove 卸載.deb包
3.5.3. -L|--listfiles <package> ... List files `owned' by package(s). 列出包中的檔案
3.5.4. -l|--list [<pattern> ...] List packages concisely. 列出.deb包
3.5.5. Status
3.5.6. dpkg-deb - Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool
3.5.6.1. -X, --vextract archive directory Extract and display the filenames contained by a package
3.5.6.2. -e, --control archive [directory] Extracts the control information files from a package archive into the specified directory.
3.5.6.3. -b, --build directory [archive|directory]
3.5.7. dpkg-reconfigure
3.6. Upgrading
3.6.1. GUI
3.6.2. CLI
3.6.3. CDROM
3.7. 製作.deb安裝包
3.7.1. checkinstall — Track installation of local software, and produce a binary manageable with your package management software.
3.7.2. dh_make - prepare Debian packaging for an original source archive
3.7.3. control
4. Device information
4.1. dmesg - print or control the kernel ring buffer
4.2. smartctl - Control and Monitor Utility for SMART Disks
4.3. lspci - list all PCI devices
4.4. lshw - list hardware
4.4.1. only show a certain class of hardware
4.5. hwinfo - Hardware Information
4.6. dmidecode - DMI table decoder
4.7. ethtool - Display or change ethernet card settings
4.8. usb device
4.9. lsscsi - list SCSI devices (or hosts) and their attributes
4.10. HBA
4.11. lsblk - list block devices
4.12. kudzu - detects and configures new and/or changed hardware on a system
5. udev - Linux dynamic device management
6. Kernel modules
6.1. modprobe - program to add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel
7. Locale
7.1. time zone
7.2. to change system date/time
7.2.1. NTP Server
7.3. Language
8. console / terminal
8.1. serial console
8.2. console timeout
8.3. TUI (Text User Interface)
8.4. framebuffer
9. Harddisk
9.1. 查看分區分區 UUID
9.2. Label
9.2.1. Ext2
9.2.1.1. 查看卷標
9.2.1.2. 更改卷標
9.3. 臨時增加 swap 分區
9.4. Show partition
9.5. Create partition
9.6. Clone partition
9.7. Format partition
9.7.1. ext3
9.7.2. ReiserFS
9.8. estimate disk / directory / file space usage
9.9. Convert from ext3 to ext4 File system
9.10. GPT
9.10.1. 設置GTP磁碟
9.10.2. 查看分區
9.10.3. 創建分區
9.10.4. 刪除分區
9.10.5. 退出
9.10.6. mount
9.11. loop devices
9.11.1. losetup - set up and control loop devices
10. Removable Storage
10.1. usb flash
10.2. CD / DVD
10.2.1. Mount an ISO file
10.2.2. create iso file from CD
10.2.3. burner
10.2.4. ISO Mirror
11. File System
11.1. Mount partition
11.1.1. Mount
11.1.2. Umount
11.1.3. bind directory
11.1.4. /etc/fstab
11.2. RAM FS
11.3. tmpfs
11.4. ftp fs
11.5. SSHFS (sshfs - filesystem client based on SSH File Transfer Protocol)
11.6. davfs2 - mount a WebDAV resource as a regular file system
11.7. redisfs
11.8. File system test
11.8.1. ext4 vs btrfs
11.8.2. xfs vs jfs vs reiserfs
11.8.3. RAID10 (146G*8) vs EMC VNX 5300 (8G Fibre Channel)
11.8.4. Dell 2950(RAID5 500G SATA * 6) vs MD1200
12. Networking
12.1. Hostname
12.1.1. /etc/hostname
12.1.2. /etc/host.conf
12.1.3. /etc/hosts
12.1.4. hosts.allow / hosts.deny
12.1.5. /etc/resolv.conf
12.2. Network adapter
12.2.1. 介面名稱
12.3. Ethernet Interfaces
12.3.1. ifquery
12.3.2. DHCP
12.3.3. Static IP
12.4. Mask
12.5. Gateway
12.6. Configuring Name Server Lookups
12.7. IP forwarding(IP轉發)
12.8. bonding
12.8.1. Ubuntu
12.9. Finding optimal MTU
12.10. wireless
12.10.1. rfkill - tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices
12.10.2. iwlist - Get more detailed wireless information from a wireless interface
12.10.3. iwconfig - configure a wireless network interface
12.10.4. /proc/net/wireless
13. Logging
13.1. rsyslog
13.1.1. rsyslog.conf
13.2. logrotate - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
13.2.1. /etc/logrotate.conf
13.2.2. /etc/logrotate.d/
13.2.2.1. apache2
13.2.2.2. mysql
13.2.2.3. cacti
13.3. syslog-ng
13.4. syslog, klogctl - read and/or clear kernel message ring buffer; set console_loglevel
13.4.1. /etc/sysconfig/syslog
13.4.2. /etc/syslog.conf
13.4.3. logger
13.4.4. To Log Messages Over UDP Network
14. Service
14.1. update-rc.d - install and remove System-V style init script links
14.2. invoke-rc.d - executes System-V style init script actions
14.3. runlevel
14.4. sysv-rc-conf
14.5. xinetd - replacement for inetd with many enhancements
14.5.1. tftpd
14.6. Scheduled Tasks
14.6.1. crontab - maintain crontab files for individual users
14.6.2. at, batch, atq, atrm - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution
14.7. sv - control and manage services monitored by runsv
14.7.1. runsv
14.7.2. runsvdir
15. Process
15.1. top - display Linux tasks
15.2. ps - report a snapshot of the current processes
15.2.1. ps axef
15.2.2. ps -eo pid,cmd
15.2.3. ps jax
15.2.4. zombie process
15.3. mpstat
15.4. pstree - display a tree of processes
15.5. pid
15.5.1. pgrep, pkill - look up or signal processes based on name and other attributes
15.5.2. pidof -- find the process ID of a running program.
15.6. jobs
15.6.1. &
15.6.2. Ctrl + Z
15.6.3. jobs
15.6.4. fg / bg
15.6.5. nohup - run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
15.7. ionice - get/set program io scheduling class and priority
15.8. /proc 目錄與進程的關係
16. Permission
16.1. User
16.1.1. Add a new user
16.1.2. remove an existed user
16.1.3. usermod - modify a user account
16.1.4. lock / unlock
16.1.4.1. /etc/passwd
16.2. Group
16.2.1. Add a new group
16.2.2. Add a user to the group
16.2.3. /etc/group
16.3. umask
16.4. Access Permissions
16.4.1. chown - change file owner and group
16.4.2. chgrp - change group ownership
16.4.3. chmod - change file access permissions
16.5. chattr - change file attributes on a Linux second extended file system
16.6. su - run a shell with substitute user and group IDs
16.7. sudo, sudoedit - execute a command as another user
16.7.1. NOPASSWD
16.7.2. 允許或禁止命令
16.7.3. Cmnd_Alias 用法
16.8. ACL - Access Control List
16.8.1. getfacl - get file access control lists
16.8.2. setfacl - set file access control lists
16.8.2.1. set
16.8.2.2. default
16.8.2.3. remove
16.8.3. backup and restore
17. /etc
17.1. /etc/inputrc
17.2. /etc/shells