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10.4. 單機多實例演示
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10.4. 單機多實例演示

在沒有條件安裝虛擬機也沒有多台伺服器的情況下我們可以使用一台伺服器運行多個實例的方法也可以實現多個節點運行環境。

			
cd ~
mkdir -p ethereum
cd ethereum
mkdir data{1,2}

創建檔案 genesis.json

			
{
  "nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
  "difficulty": "0x020000",
  "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "timestamp": "0x00",
  "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "extraData": "0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa",
  "gasLimit": "0x4c4b40",
  "config": {
      "chainId": 15,
      "homesteadBlock": 0,
      "eip155Block": 0,
      "eip158Block": 0
  },
  "alloc": { }
}

10.4.1. 實例一

				
geth --datadir ~/ethereum/data1 init genesis.json
geth --datadir="~/ethereum/data1" --networkid 123456 --port 30301 --rpc --rpcaddr="0.0.0.0" --rpccorsdomain "*" --rpcport 8541

啟動後終端輸出

				
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum % geth --datadir ~/ethereum/data1 init genesis.json
WARN [02-02|22:09:56] No etherbase set and no accounts found as default 
INFO [02-02|22:09:56] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/home/neo/ethereum/data1/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [02-02|22:09:56] Writing custom genesis block 
INFO [02-02|22:09:56] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=chaindata                               hash=611596…424d04
INFO [02-02|22:09:56] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/home/neo/ethereum/data1/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [02-02|22:09:57] Writing custom genesis block 
INFO [02-02|22:09:57] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=lightchaindata                               hash=611596…424d04

neo@netkiller ~ % geth --datadir="~/ethereum/data1" --networkid 123456 --port 30301 --rpc --rpcaddr="0.0.0.0" --rpccorsdomain "*" -rpcport 8541             
WARN [02-02|22:36:02] No etherbase set and no accounts found as default 
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Starting peer-to-peer node               instance=Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/home/neo/ethereum/data1/geth/chaindata cache=128 handles=1024
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Initialised chain configuration          config="{ChainID: 15 Homestead: 0 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: <nil> EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Byzantium: <nil> Engine: unknown}"
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches   dir=/home/neo/ethereum/data1/geth/ethash count=3
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs     dir=/home/neo/.ethash                    count=2
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Initialising Ethereum protocol           versions="[63 62]" network=123456
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Loaded most recent local header          number=0 hash=611596…424d04 td=131072
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Loaded most recent local full block      number=0 hash=611596…424d04 td=131072
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Loaded most recent local fast block      number=0 hash=611596…424d04 td=131072
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Loaded local transaction journal         transactions=0 dropped=0
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Regenerated local transaction journal    transactions=0 accounts=0
INFO [02-02|22:36:02] Starting P2P networking 
INFO [02-02|22:36:05] UDP listener up                          self=enode://53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062@14.103.209.119:30301
INFO [02-02|22:36:05] HTTP endpoint opened: http://0.0.0.0:8541 
INFO [02-02|22:36:05] IPC endpoint opened: /home/neo/ethereum/data1/geth.ipc 
INFO [02-02|22:36:05] RLPx listener up                         self=enode://53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062@14.103.209.119:30301
INFO [02-02|22:36:05] Mapped network port                      proto=udp extport=30301 intport=30301 interface="UPNP IGDv1-IP1"
INFO [02-02|22:36:07] Mapped network port                      proto=tcp extport=30301 intport=30301 interface="UPNP IGDv1-IP1"

10.4.2. 實例二

				
geth --datadir ~/ethereum/data2 init genesis.json
geth --datadir="~/ethereum/data2" --networkid 123456 --port 30302 --rpc --rpcaddr="0.0.0.0" --rpccorsdomain "*" --rpcport 8542

啟動後控制台輸出與實例一類似

10.4.3. 添加節點

開啟一個新終端窗口，運行下面命令查看節點一的 enode 字元串

				
geth --exec 'admin.nodeInfo.enode' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc
"enode://53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062@[::]:30301?discport=0"

進入節點二，並連接到節點一。

				
neo@netkiller ~ % geth attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5
 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

> admin.addPeer("enode://53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062@[::]:30302")
true
> admin.addPeer("enode://53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062@[::]:30301")
true

查看節點

				
> admin.peers
[{
    caps: ["eth/63"],
    id: "53433417f11d1d9a17f155cbaad2c4ec375af7b141e2989f049b572fc3f856d78f254e58fa82ed6eab48a16b7d625527214522ec0fd3e3af030b5b8dfdadc062",
    name: "Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5",
    network: {
      localAddress: "[::1]:51250",
      remoteAddress: "[::1]:30301"
    },
    protocols: {
      eth: {
        difficulty: 131072,
        head: "0x611596e7979cd4e7ca1531260fa706093a5492ecbdf58f20a39545397e424d04",
        version: 63
      }
    }
}]

至此，節點已經添加完畢。

				
> exit

退出

10.4.4. 節點測試

這裡我們實現兩個節點間的以太幣轉賬。

現在兩個節點上都沒有任何賬號

				
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.listAccounts' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc                                        
[]
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.listAccounts' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc
[]

在兩個節點上分別創建兩個賬號，一個是礦工賬號，另一個是普通賬號。

				
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.newAccount("abc123")' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc
"0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72"

neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.newAccount("abc123")' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc
"0x3e822e05ee975e02be3f15f32b0fddced8d5bdd0"

neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.listAccounts' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc 
["0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72", "0x3e822e05ee975e02be3f15f32b0fddced8d5bdd0"]



neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.newAccount("abc123")' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc
"0xa6df3e3c141e27726f4aeb21a5dab2e5c76c9565"

neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.newAccount("abc123")' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc
"0xa66c7b8b1c26856d284a0b962385babe02caa51d"

neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'personal.listAccounts' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc 
["0xa6df3e3c141e27726f4aeb21a5dab2e5c76c9565", "0xa66c7b8b1c26856d284a0b962385babe02caa51d"]

啟動挖礦

				
geth --exec 'miner.start(1)' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc 
geth --exec 'miner.start(1)' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc

如果正常運行，兩個節點上的礦工賬號都會有一定的以太幣。而普通賬號額度應該為零。

				
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc
299438256000000000000

neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc
0

neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc
298000056000000000000

neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc
0

我們嘗試從節點一礦工賬號向節點二上的普通用戶轉賬。

				
neo@netkiller ~ % geth attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc                               
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5
coinbase: 0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72
at block: 144 (Fri, 02 Feb 2018 23:24:35 HST)
 datadir: /home/neo/ethereum/data1
 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

> personal.listAccounts
["0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72"]

> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0], "abc123")
true

> eth.sendTransaction({from: "0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72", to: "0xa66c7b8b1c26856d284a0b962385babe02caa51d", value: web3.toWei(1, "ether")})
"0x87c059d0769c8a74499ddd08c04a10f23b7681651615a28098d73ec63a943684"

> eth.pendingTransactions
[{
    blockHash: null,
    blockNumber: null,
    from: "0x5ad227e8d7e460713c78eebbe558473571edae72",
    gas: 90000,
    gasPrice: 18000000000,
    hash: "0x87c059d0769c8a74499ddd08c04a10f23b7681651615a28098d73ec63a943684",
    input: "0x",
    nonce: 2,
    r: "0xce004f964f268a00e90cadd4e8a685131aa34f37144f7e2e47dc7fe4ec784e55",
    s: "0x412209c18513a28422e62c4bdb85a223f190e133cf71990a87c570a3a53ae093",
    to: "0xa66c7b8b1c26856d284a0b962385babe02caa51d",
    transactionIndex: 0,
    v: "0x41",
    value: 1000000000000000000
}]

稍後一會，當使用 eth.pendingTransactions 查看掛起交易為空的時候，表示已經處理完畢。這時退出控制台。 

				
> eth.pendingTransactions
[]
> exit

現在查看節點二上的第二個普通賬號餘額

				
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc
1000000000000000000

轉賬成功

現在我們從節點二上的普通用戶向節點一上的普通用戶轉賬。

				
neo@netkiller ~ % geth attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc                                        
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!

instance: Geth/v1.8.10-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.5
coinbase: 0xa6df3e3c141e27726f4aeb21a5dab2e5c76c9565
at block: 319 (Fri, 02 Feb 2018 23:50:07 HST)
 datadir: /home/neo/ethereum/data2
 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[1], "abc123")
true

> eth.sendTransaction({from: "0xa66c7b8b1c26856d284a0b962385babe02caa51d", to: "0x3e822e05ee975e02be3f15f32b0fddced8d5bdd0", value: web3.toWei(0.1, "ether")})
"0x951bd161dfd000ff825379cb0644c4acd4afd4d3e1ac4f4c1c6009b3c2a1d366"

> eth.pendingTransactions
[]
> exit

查看兩個普通賬號的餘額

				
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data1/geth.ipc
100000000000000000
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --exec 'eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])' attach ethereum/data2/geth.ipc
899622000000000000

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10.3. Blockchain explorer (區塊鏈瀏覽器) 起始頁 10.5. 使用 pm2 啟動以太坊